Organisation, The Intro Flashcards
What are cells?
The basic building blocks of life. They make up all living organisms
What type of cells are needed to from a tissue?
Specialised/differentiated cells
What are specialised cells?
Cells that are specifically made to carry out a specific function
What is differentiation (the process)? When does differentiation normally occur?
Differentiation is the process of how a cell becomes specialised. It naturally occurs when a multicellular organism develops.
Give me the definition of the term “tissues”
A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function
A group of similar cells can form a tissue. Explain what the term “similar cells” means in this context
Tissues can contain diff. types of cells. As mentioned before, it’s a group of SIMILAR cells, but that doesn’t mean that the cells have to be the same. If they are different cells, but carry out similar functions, these different cells can still be part of a tissue since they are similar in some way
Give me 5 examples of tissues found in mammals that you need to know about
– muscular tissue
– epithelial tissue
– glandular tissue
– nervous tissue
– connective tissue
What is the function of muscular tissues?
Their main quality is contraction. They can shorted and lengthen as needed– and they are mainly needed for movement. Muscular tissues will contract to move whatever’s attached to it
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Where can we find them in the body?
Cardiac muscle (heart, specifically making up the tick middle layer of the heart)
Skeletal muscle (found throughout the body, attached to bones via tendons)
Smooth muscle (lines blood vessels, digestive system and uterus (womb))
What is the purpose of epithelial tissue?
These tissues covers and lines parts of your body. It’s purpose is either for exchange or protection.
Give examples of epithelial being used for protection and epithelial being used for exchange
Protection– our outmost layer (the skin) protects the rest of our body
Exchange– lines our respiratory system (exchange of gases) lines our kidney (exchange of waste products)
Where do we find epithelial tissues?
They normally form continuous lining in the cavities (empty space) and tubes (like small intestine) inside our bodies
What do glandular tissues do?
They make and secrete chemicals such as enzymes and hormones
What does the nervous tissue do?
Co-ordinates responses to stimuli (make decisions on what to do based on changes in the environment)
Where can we find nervous tissues?
They make up the nervous system (a bunch of neurones linked by synapses)
What do connective tissues do?
They support other tissues and bind them together
Give four examples of connective tissues?
Cartilage, adipose tissue (fat), bone and blood
Give the definition of an organ
A group of tissues that work together to perform a common function
Give an example of an organ that contains 3 if not more of the previously listed tissues. What do these tissues do in that organ?
The stomach.
Muscular tissue moves the stomach walls so the stomach can churn up and digest food
Epithelial tissue is used to line both the outside and inside of the stomach
Glandular tissue is used to secrete digestive juices to digest the food
Give me the definition of an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform overall life functions
List some examples of organ systems
Skeletal system
Nervous system
Digestive system
Muscular system
Why is it so important for cells/tissues/organs to organise themselves?
Everything co-operates with each other so that the organisms that they’re in can perform major life process– such as respiration, digestion, reproduction. If these processes aren’t carried out, the organism will die and won’t live long enough to reproduce
Plants have 3 major tissues we need to learn about. List them
The Epidermis
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue
What are the purposes of the three major tissues in plants
Ground tissue: makes glucose (via photosynthesis) and stores said glucose as starch
Vascular tissue: transport (takes amino acids, water, mineral ions, sugar from the ground or wherever else they’re located and transports them to plants’ own storage for their own use)
Epidermis: protective outer layer/surface
