Organisation of the Organism Flashcards
What is the function of the cell membrane?
- Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- Sepertates cell from surroundings.
- Keeps cell contents inside.
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
- Site for most metabllic reactions.
- Container for cell organelles.
What is Cystoplasm?
It is a jelly-like substance made of 70% water.
What is the function of the Nucleus?
- Contains gentic infromation (DNA).
- Controls cells divsion and activites.
What type of membrane is the cell membrane?
A partially permeable membrane.
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
- Uses oxygen to release energy from glucose by aerobic respiration.
- It is the power house of the cell.
What is the function of the Cell Wall?
- Protects and supports the cell.
- Prevents bursting.
What is the Cell Wall made of?
Made of cellulose fibers (carbohydrates).
What type of membrane is the Cell Wall?
A fully permeable membrane.
What is the function of the Vacuole?
- Contains cells sap, making the cell turgid.
- Food and water storage.
- Expands to press outwards on the cell to give it its shape.
What is the function of the Chloroplasts?
- Contains green pigment chlorophyll.
- Chlorophyll absorbs sunglight for photosynthesis to produce glucose.
What are strach grains?
Made by photosynthesis and found inside the chloroplast and cytoplasm.
What is used to see Ribosomes and the Mitochondria in the lab?
An electronic microscope.
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
Protein synthesis where it joins amino acids to produce long chain proteins using instructions from DNA.
Where are Ribosomes present?
In all animal and plant cells.
Where is the Mitochondria present?
Present in all cells except prokaryotic cells (bacteria).
What are the black dots seen under the microscope in the Mitochondria?
Stored glycogen.
Where is the Ciliated cells found?
In the linging of the trachea and bronchi.
What is the function of the Goblet cell?
Secretes mucus to trap dust and bacteria.
What is the function of the Ciliated cell?
Moves in a wave-like motion to push the mucus upwards away from the lungs to be spitted.
Where is the Palisade cell found?
In the leaves of the plant.
What is the function of the Palisade cell?
Photosynthesis to produce glucose by using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
What are the adaptations of the Palisade cell?
- Many chloroplasts to trap more light energy.
- Thin cell walls to allow easy passage of carbon dioxide.
- Vacuole, expands to push chloroplasts towards the cell wall, nearer to the light.
What is the function of the Root Hair cell?
Absorbs water by osmosis and minerals by active uptake.
What are the adaptation of the Root Hair cell?
- Extension to increase surface area.
- Many mitochondria to release more energy for absorption of minerals by active uptake.
- Thin cell walls for shorter diffusion distance.
What type of cells are Xylem cells?
They are water conducting tissues with dead cells joined end to end.
What are the functions of the Xylem cell?
- Transport water and minerals from soil up to the leaves.
- Support the plant.
What are the adaptations of the Xylem cell?
- Thin, long hallow tube with no organelles to allow easy passage of water from below to upwards.
- No cross walls between cells. Continuous tube for water to flow through from roots to the leaves.
- Thick wall with lignin to support stem.
- Pits for water movement between vessels.
- Narrow diameter. Narrow enough to make sure the column of the water does not break, but wide enough to allow a lot of water to pass through.
What is the function of the lignin wall?
- Supports stem.
- Keeps vessel open.
- Prevents collapse.
- Helps leaves stay flat to provide large surface area to absorb more sunlight.
What is the function of the Red Blood Cell?
Transports oxygen from lungs to all body tissues.
How are Red Blood Cells adaptated to their function?
- No nucles, to give space for haemoglobin.
- Contains haemoglobin (protein) which binds with oxygen to from oxyhaemoglobin.
- Biconcave disc shape, to increase surface area for oxygen uptake and to fit into the tinnest of capillaries.
How is the Ovum adaptated to its function?
- Jelly coat. Protects cell contents and prevents more the one sperm from fertilising the ovum (hardens after entry of one sperm).
- Cytoplasm contains large amounts of fats and proteins.
What is the function of the fats and proteins in the ovum’s cytoplasm?
Fats are used as a food source.
Protein used for growth of zygote and embryo before implantation.
What are the adaptations of the Sperm cell?
- Acrosome contains enzymes.
- Flagellum to allow movement for the sperm cell.
- Middle part contains a lot of mitochondria to release energy for swimming.
What is the function of the acrosome in the Sperm cell?
Digests part of the jelly coat of the egg cells to allow fusion between the female nucleus with the male nucleus.
Define tissue.
A group of cells with similar structures working togther to preform the same function.
Define organ.
A structure made of different tissues working to togther to preform a specific function.
Define organ system.
A group of organs with related functions working togther to preform a body function.
From cm to mm.
x 10
From mm to um.
x 1000
