Organisation of the Organism

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

1. Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
2. Sepertates cell from surroundings.
3. Keeps cell contents inside.

Question 2

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Answer 2

1. Site for most metabllic reactions.
2. Container for cell organelles.

Question 3

What is Cystoplasm?

Answer 3

It is a jelly-like substance made of 70% water.

Question 4

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 4

1. Contains gentic infromation (DNA).
2. Controls cells divsion and activites.

Question 5

What type of membrane is the cell membrane?

Answer 5

A partially permeable membrane.

Question 6

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Answer 6

1. Uses oxygen to release energy from glucose by aerobic respiration.
2. It is the power house of the cell.

Question 7

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

Answer 7

1. Protects and supports the cell.
2. Prevents bursting.

Question 8

What is the Cell Wall made of?

Answer 8

Made of cellulose fibers (carbohydrates).

Question 9

What type of membrane is the Cell Wall?

Answer 9

A fully permeable membrane.

Question 10

What is the function of the Vacuole?

Answer 10

1. Contains cells sap, making the cell turgid.
2. Food and water storage.
3. Expands to press outwards on the cell to give it its shape.

Question 11

What is the function of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 11

1. Contains green pigment chlorophyll.
2. Chlorophyll absorbs sunglight for photosynthesis to produce glucose.

Question 12

What are strach grains?

Answer 12

Made by photosynthesis and found inside the chloroplast and cytoplasm.

Question 13

What is used to see Ribosomes and the Mitochondria in the lab?

Answer 13

An electronic microscope.

Question 14

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Answer 14

Protein synthesis where it joins amino acids to produce long chain proteins using instructions from DNA.

Question 15

Where are Ribosomes present?

Answer 15

In all animal and plant cells.

Question 16

Where is the Mitochondria present?

Answer 16

Present in all cells except prokaryotic cells (bacteria).

Question 17

What are the black dots seen under the microscope in the Mitochondria?

Answer 17

Stored glycogen.

Question 18

Where is the Ciliated cells found?

Answer 18

In the linging of the trachea and bronchi.

Question 19

What is the function of the Goblet cell?

Answer 19

Secretes mucus to trap dust and bacteria.

Question 20

What is the function of the Ciliated cell?

Answer 20

Moves in a wave-like motion to push the mucus upwards away from the lungs to be spitted.

Question 21

Where is the Palisade cell found?

Answer 21

In the leaves of the plant.

Question 22

What is the function of the Palisade cell?

Answer 22

Photosynthesis to produce glucose by using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.

Question 23

What are the adaptations of the Palisade cell?

Answer 23

1. Many chloroplasts to trap more light energy.
2. Thin cell walls to allow easy passage of carbon dioxide.
3. Vacuole, expands to push chloroplasts towards the cell wall, nearer to the light.

Question 24

What is the function of the Root Hair cell?

Answer 24

Absorbs water by osmosis and minerals by active uptake.

Question 25

What are the adaptation of the Root Hair cell?

Answer 25

1. Extension to increase surface area. 2. Many mitochondria to release more energy for absorption of minerals by active uptake. 3. Thin cell walls for shorter diffusion distance.

Question 26

What type of cells are Xylem cells?

Answer 26

They are water conducting tissues with dead cells joined end to end.

Question 27

What are the functions of the Xylem cell?

Answer 27

1. Transport water and minerals from soil up to the leaves. 2. Support the plant.

Question 28

What are the adaptations of the Xylem cell?

Answer 28

1. Thin, long hallow tube with no organelles to allow easy passage of water from below to upwards. 2. No cross walls between cells. Continuous tube for water to flow through from roots to the leaves. 3. Thick wall with lignin to support stem. 4. Pits for water movement between vessels. 5. Narrow diameter. Narrow enough to make sure the column of the water does not break, but wide enough to allow a lot of water to pass through.

Question 29

What is the function of the lignin wall?

Answer 29

1. Supports stem. 2. Keeps vessel open. 3. Prevents collapse. 4. Helps leaves stay flat to provide large surface area to absorb more sunlight.

Question 30

What is the function of the Red Blood Cell?

Answer 30

Transports oxygen from lungs to all body tissues.

Question 31

How are Red Blood Cells adaptated to their function?

Answer 31

1. No nucles, to give space for haemoglobin. 2. Contains haemoglobin (protein) which binds with oxygen to from oxyhaemoglobin. 3. Biconcave disc shape, to increase surface area for oxygen uptake and to fit into the tinnest of capillaries.

Question 32

How is the Ovum adaptated to its function?

Answer 32

1. Jelly coat. Protects cell contents and prevents more the one sperm from fertilising the ovum (hardens after entry of one sperm). 2. Cytoplasm contains large amounts of fats and proteins.

Question 33

What is the function of the fats and proteins in the ovum's cytoplasm?

Answer 33

Fats are used as a food source. Protein used for growth of zygote and embryo before implantation.

Question 34

What are the adaptations of the Sperm cell?

Answer 34

1. Acrosome contains enzymes. 2. Flagellum to allow movement for the sperm cell. 3. Middle part contains a lot of mitochondria to release energy for swimming.

Question 35

What is the function of the acrosome in the Sperm cell?

Answer 35

Digests part of the jelly coat of the egg cells to allow fusion between the female nucleus with the male nucleus.

Question 36

Define tissue.

Answer 36

A group of cells with similar structures working togther to preform the same function.

Question 37

Define organ.

Answer 37

A structure made of different tissues working to togther to preform a specific function.

Question 38

Define organ system.

Answer 38

A group of organs with related functions working togther to preform a body function.

Question 39

From cm to mm.

Answer 39

x 10

Question 40

From mm to um.

Answer 40

x 1000