Organisation of the neuron system

Question 1

What are the basic functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

sensory detection
information processing
Behaviour
learning and memory

Question 2

what is sensory detection?

Answer 2

the process whereby neurons transduce environmental energy into neural signals

Question 3

what are sensory receptors?

Answer 3

special neurons that are responsible for sensory detection

Question 4

Examples of energy sensed?

Answer 4

light, sound, chemical, electrical field, temperature, mechanical forces.

Question 5

information processing

Answer 5

transmission of information
neural integration
perception
emotion
planning and implementation of motor commands
thought processes and learning

Question 6

What is behavior?

Answer 6

the totality of the organism’s responses to its environment

Question 7

three types of behaviour

Answer 7

convert, readily observable behaviour, language

Question 8

Convert behaviour

Answer 8

mental processing

Question 9

readily observable behaviour

Answer 9

movement and autonomic behaviour

Question 10

AFFERENT

Answer 10

conduct impulses toward the CNS.

Question 11

Efferent

Answer 11

conduct impulses away from the CNS

Question 12

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 12

portion of the Nervous system concerned with the control of voluntary muscle.

Question 13

Enteric Nervous system

Answer 13

Govern Gi function without external innervation.

innervates blood vessels and surrounding organs ( motility, secretion, growth of the Gi)

Question 14

roles of the CNS

Answer 14

gathers information about the envirnment from the PNS.
Organises reflex and other behavioral responses
responsible for cogniition, learning and memory and plan executes voluntary movements.

Question 15

what is the functional unit of a cell?

Answer 15

A neuron

Question 16

what is a neuron?

Answer 16

a cell specialised for rapid communication

it receives information in the form of electrochemical signals from one neuron and relays it to the next in a sequence

Question 17

What are the 4 distinct domains of a neuron?

Answer 17

Cell body, axon, presynaptic terminal and dendrites

Question 18

Nerve cell body

Answer 18

contains the metabolic machinery of the cells

Question 19

Nissl bodies

Answer 19

stacks of RER

Question 20

Role of golgi appartus?

Answer 20

manufactures consituents, synethetic enzymes and neurotransmitters

Question 21

Dendrites

Answer 21

relatively short, highly branched neural process that carries electrical activity to the cell body

Question 22

role of dendrites

Answer 22

receive elctrochemical information from a previous neuron in a chain of relays . is membrane contain receptors that bind to neurotransmitters.

Question 23

what are the main cytoplasmic organelles?

Answer 23

microtubules and neurofilaments

Question 24

proximal dendrites contains of?

Answer 24

nissl bodies and parts of the golgi appartus

Question 25

Axon

Answer 25

Conducts impulses away form the cell and may convey material back and forth between the cell body and the axon terminal.

Question 26

what organelles does the axon hillock lack

Answer 26

RER, golgi appartus

Question 27

Where does the axon arises from?

Answer 27

axon hillock

Question 28

what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 28

endogenous chemicals that transmit nerve impulses between a neuron and another cell.

Question 29

Example of a neurotransmitter

Answer 29

Dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, acetylcholine

Question 30

what is a synapse?

Answer 30

the site at which one neuron chemically influences the next neuron in a chain or pathways of neurons.

Question 31

which cells form myelin in PNS

Answer 31

schwann cells

Question 32

function of satellite cells

Answer 32

support neuron cell bodies within the ganglion of the PNS

Question 33

Functions of the myelin Sheath

Answer 33

Provides insulation to help prevent short circuiting between fibers. Provides for faster conduction Provides for the possibility of repair of peripheral nerve fibers. Schwann cells help to maintain the micro-environments of the axons and their tunnel (the neurilemma tunnel) permits re-connection with an effector or receptor

Question 34

disease that destroy the myelin?

Answer 34

Diseases which destroy the myelin sheath lead to inability to control muscles, perceive stimuli etc. e.g. multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder in which your own lymphocytes attack the myelin proteins.

Question 35

Neuron

Answer 35

1. Axolemma – layer of myelin insulating the axon 2. Neurolemma – thin membranous sheath around the nerve fiber 3. Node of Ranvier – constriction in myelin sheath occurring at intervals along the axon

Question 36

structure of a neuron

Answer 36

Nerve fibers, which are axons, organize into bundles known as fascicles Each fascicle surrounded by the perineurium. Between individual nerve fibers is an inner layer of endoneurium.