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Peripheral Nervous System > Organisation of the neuron system > Flashcards

Organisation of the neuron system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic functions of the nervous system?

A

sensory detection
information processing
Behaviour
learning and memory

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2
Q

what is sensory detection?

A

the process whereby neurons transduce environmental energy into neural signals

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3
Q

what are sensory receptors?

A

special neurons that are responsible for sensory detection

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4
Q

Examples of energy sensed?

A

light, sound, chemical, electrical field, temperature, mechanical forces.

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5
Q

information processing

A 
transmission of information
neural integration
perception
emotion
planning and implementation of motor commands
thought processes and learning
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6
Q

What is behavior?

A

the totality of the organism’s responses to its environment

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7
Q

three types of behaviour

A

convert, readily observable behaviour, language

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8
Q

Convert behaviour

A

mental processing

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9
Q

readily observable behaviour

A

movement and autonomic behaviour

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10
Q

AFFERENT

A

conduct impulses toward the CNS.

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11
Q

Efferent

A

conduct impulses away from the CNS

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12
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

portion of the Nervous system concerned with the control of voluntary muscle.

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13
Q

Enteric Nervous system

A

Govern Gi function without external innervation.

innervates blood vessels and surrounding organs ( motility, secretion, growth of the Gi)

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14
Q

roles of the CNS

A

gathers information about the envirnment from the PNS.
Organises reflex and other behavioral responses
responsible for cogniition, learning and memory and plan executes voluntary movements.

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15
Q

what is the functional unit of a cell?

A

A neuron

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16
Q

what is a neuron?

A

a cell specialised for rapid communication

it receives information in the form of electrochemical signals from one neuron and relays it to the next in a sequence

17
Q

What are the 4 distinct domains of a neuron?

A

Cell body, axon, presynaptic terminal and dendrites

18
Q

Nerve cell body

A

contains the metabolic machinery of the cells

19
Q

Nissl bodies

A

stacks of RER

20
Q

Role of golgi appartus?

A

manufactures consituents, synethetic enzymes and neurotransmitters

21
Q

Dendrites

A

relatively short, highly branched neural process that carries electrical activity to the cell body

22
Q

role of dendrites

A

receive elctrochemical information from a previous neuron in a chain of relays . is membrane contain receptors that bind to neurotransmitters.

23
Q

what are the main cytoplasmic organelles?

A

microtubules and neurofilaments

24
Q

proximal dendrites contains of?

A

nissl bodies and parts of the golgi appartus

25
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away form the cell and may convey material back and forth between the cell body and the axon terminal.

26
Q

what organelles does the axon hillock lack

A

RER, golgi appartus

27
Q

Where does the axon arises from?

A

axon hillock

28
Q

what are neurotransmitters?

A

endogenous chemicals that transmit nerve impulses between a neuron and another cell.

29
Q

Example of a neurotransmitter

A

Dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, acetylcholine

30
Q

what is a synapse?

A

the site at which one neuron chemically influences the next neuron in a chain or pathways of neurons.

31
Q

which cells form myelin in PNS

A

schwann cells

32
Q

function of satellite cells

A

support neuron cell bodies within the ganglion of the PNS

33
Q

Functions of the myelin Sheath

A

Provides insulation to help prevent short circuiting between fibers.

Provides for faster conduction

Provides for the possibility of repair of peripheral nerve fibers.

Schwann cells help to maintain the micro-environments of the axons and their tunnel (the neurilemma tunnel) permits re-connection with an effector or receptor

34
Q

disease that destroy the myelin?

A

Diseases which destroy the myelin sheath lead to inability to control muscles, perceive stimuli etc. e.g. multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder in which your own lymphocytes attack the myelin proteins.

35
Q

Neuron

A
  1. Axolemma – layer of myelin insulating the axon
  2. Neurolemma – thin membranous sheath around the nerve fiber
  3. Node of Ranvier – constriction in myelin sheath occurring at intervals along the axon
36
Q

structure of a neuron

A

Nerve fibers, which are axons, organize into bundles known as fascicles

Each fascicle surrounded by the perineurium.

Between individual nerve fibers is an inner layer of endoneurium.

Peripheral Nervous System (3 decks)

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