Organisation of the Nervous System and the Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two systems that the mammalian nervous system is organised into?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

What does the CNS consist of? (3)

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Relay neurons
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3
Q

What does the PNS consist of? (3)

A
  • All the neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
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4
Q

What is the PNS functionally organised into?

A
  • Somatic nervous system

- Autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system? (4)

A
  • Conscious control
  • Input from sense organs
  • Output from skeletal muscles
  • Neurotransmitter - Acetylcholine
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6
Q

What is the function f the autonomic nervous system? (3)

A
  • Subconscious control
  • Input from internal receptors
  • Output to smooth muscles and glands
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7
Q

How is the autonomic nervous system organised?

A
  • Sympathetic motor system

- Parasympathetic motor system

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8
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic motor system and what neurotransmitter is used?

A
  • Fight or flight response

- Uses noradrenaline

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9
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic motor system and what neurotransmitter does it use?

A
  • Relaxing responses

- Uses acetylcholine

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10
Q

How is the brain protected? (2)

A
  • The skull

- Meninges (protective membranes)

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11
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum? (5)

A
  • Controls voluntary actions
  • Memory
  • Learning
  • Personality
  • Conscious thought
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12
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum? (4)

A
  • Controls unconscious functions
  • Posture
  • Balance
  • Non-voluntary movement
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13
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata? (3)

A
  • Used in autonomic nervous system
  • Controls heart rate
  • Controls breathing rate
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14
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus? (2)

A
  • Temperature balance

- Water balance

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15
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland? (2)

A
  • Stores and releases hormones that regulate many body functions
  • E.g. ACTH, FSH, Oxytocin
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