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Human Biology 1 > Organisation of the Human Body - Week 1 > Flashcards

Organisation of the Human Body - Week 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an atom that loses an electron becomes _________ charged

A

positively

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2
Q

an atom that gains an electron becomes _________ charged

A

negatively

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3
Q

An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons

A

ion

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4
Q

a positively charged ion is called an?

A

cation / cat-ion

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5
Q

a negatively charged ion is called an?

A

anion / an-ion

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6
Q

disulfide bonds are covalent bonds formed between 2 atoms of _________

A

sulfur

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7
Q

T or F

an organ system is made up of all the organs that are involved in that system

A

T

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8
Q

These 7 organs
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, pancreas
make up which organ system?

A

Digestive system

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9
Q

the smallest part of an element is an?

A

atom

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10
Q

atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and ________?

A

electrons

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11
Q

atoms are made up of protons, ________ and electrons?

A

neutrons

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12
Q

atoms are made up of ________, neutrons and electrons?

A

protons

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13
Q

Atoms are made up of what three subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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14
Q

a proton has a ________ electrical charge

A

positive

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15
Q

a electron has a ________ electrical charge

A

negative

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16
Q

a neutron has a ________ electrical charge

A

neutral

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17
Q

the nucleus of an atom contains?

A

proton, neutron

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18
Q

The outer shell of an atom contains the?

A

Electrons

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19
Q

what dictates the atomic number of an element?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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20
Q

what is the octet rule?

A

An atom ideally wants eight electrons in its outer shell to make it stable

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21
Q

T or F

atoms can gain, lose or share electrons

A

T

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22
Q

___________ make up all matter and are made up of 1 type of atom

A

Elements

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23
Q

What type of bond is a force or attraction between positive and negative electrical charges that keep two or more atoms closely associated with each other to form a molecule

A

Chemical bond

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24
Q

What bond involves the loss or gain of one or more electrons by one atom

A

Ionic bond

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25
Q

what type of bond sees the sharing of electrons between atoms

A

Covalent bond

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26
Q

What type of bond is an attractive force between polar molecules, that sees the sharing of it’s one electron in a covalent bond with another atom

A

Hydrogen bond

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27
Q

what are the 4 major groups of organic compounds

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

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28
Q

Organic compounds contain covalently bonded hydrogen and _________?

A

Carbon

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29
Q

what is the primary function of carbohydrates?

A

source of energy

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30
Q

What is a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer?

A

A macromolecule

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31
Q

What is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

A

A molecule

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32
Q

what is the subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell

Examples:
Nuclei: store genetic information
Mitochondria: produce chemical energy
Ribosomes: assemble proteins

A

Organelle

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33
Q

What are the basic building blocks of all living things, that provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. They have many parts, each with a different function

A

Cell

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34
Q

groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function

A

Tissues

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35
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues?

A

connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial

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36
Q

lactation is an example of _________ feedback

A

positive

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37
Q

Blood glucose regulation is an example of _________ feedback

A

Negative

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38
Q

Body temperature control is an example of _________ feedback

A

Negative

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39
Q

Blood clotting is an example of _________ feedback

A

Positive

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40
Q

The control of blood pressure is an example of _________ feedback

A

Negative

41
Q

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable ________ condition even through the ________conditions are continuously changing

A

internal, external

42
Q

the smallest stable unit of matter

A

Atom

43
Q

The esophagus is ________ to the spine

A

anterior

44
Q

The shoulder is ________ to the wrist

A

proximal

45
Q

The knee is ________ to the hip

A

distal

46
Q

The heart is ________ to the liver

A

superior

47
Q

The nose is ________ to the right eye

A

medial

48
Q

The thumb is _______ to the index finger

A

lateral

49
Q

Disulfide bonds are ________ bonds formed between 2 atoms of sulfur

A

Covalent

50
Q

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative

A

A polar molecule

51
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Cardiovascular

52
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Respiratory

53
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Digestive

54
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Urinary

55
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Nervous

56
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Endocrine

57
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Immune

58
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Skeletal

59
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal
•	 
•	Integumentary 
•	Reproductive
A

Muscular

60
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	
•	Reproductive
A

Integumentary

61
Q 
the 11 organ systems are
•	Cardiovascular
•	Respiratory 
•	Digestive 
•	Urinary 
•	Nervous 
•	Endocrine 
•	Immune 
•	Skeletal 
•	Muscular 
•	Integumentary 
•
A

Reproductive

62
Q

What system is comprised of heart and blood vessels, & carries blood and oxygen around body

A

Cardiovascular system

63
Q

What organ system is comprised of the Upper respiratory tract and lungs, Oxygen comes into the body and CO2 leaves the body through an volume/pressure relationship

A

Respiratory system

64
Q

What system is comprised of the Brain, nerve cells (neurons), & glia. The brain is control centre, neurons carry messages, and glia are support cells.

A

Nervous system

65
Q

What controls unconscious and involuntary control in the nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system, ANS

66
Q

voluntary control in the nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system, SNS

67
Q

what system is comprised of Glands and hormones, facilitates hormone travel through blood

A

Endocrine system

68
Q

Pituitary gland (and hypothalamus) control much of the

A

endocrine system

69
Q

What system is comprised of the Skeleton & its functions include: Structure, protection, storage of minerals, produce blood cells

A

Skeletal System

70
Q

organ system with the Function of Movement

A

Muscular system

71
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

skeletal, cardiac & ?

A

smooth

72
Q

three types of muscles?

smooth, cardiac & ?

A

skeletal

73
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

smooth, skeletal & ?

A

Cardiac

74
Q

what type of muscle produces voluntary movement

A

skeletal muscle

75
Q

The heart is what muscle type?

A

Cardiac muscle

76
Q

Involuntary movement is produced by what muscle type?

A

Smooth muscle

77
Q

what are nerve cells called?

A

neurons

78
Q

neurons are?

A

nerve cells

79
Q

What are the support cells in the nervous system called?

A

Glia

80
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

81
Q

SNS

A

somatic nervous system

82
Q

in a homeostasis feedback loop what senses changes in the environment

A

receptor

83
Q

in a homeostasis feedback loop what analyses the input and determines the appropriate response

A

control centre

84
Q

in a homeostasis feedback loop what transports sensory input to the control centre

A

afferent pathway

85
Q

in a homeostasis feedback loop what carries out the action in response to the initial stimulus

A

effector

86
Q

In a homeostasis feedback loop what transmits the signal to carry out a response from the control center

A

Efferent pathway

87
Q

in a homeostasis feedback loop what response causes the intitial stimulus to decline

A

negative feedback mechanism

88
Q

In a homeostasis feedback loop what response enhances original stimulus

A

Positive feedback mechanism

89
Q

Body organisation

?
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Human body

90
Q

Body organisation

Human body
?
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Organ system

91
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
?
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Organs

92
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
?
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Tissues

93
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
?
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Cells

94
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
?
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Organelles

95
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
?
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
A

Macromolecules

96
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
?
Elements
Atoms
A

Molecules

97
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
?
Atoms
A

Elements

98
Q

Body organisation

Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
?
A

Atoms

Human Biology 1 (3 decks)

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