Organisation of the Human Body - Week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
an atom that loses an electron becomes _________ charged
A
positively
2
Q
an atom that gains an electron becomes _________ charged
A
negatively
3
Q
An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons
A
ion
4
Q
a positively charged ion is called an?
A
cation / cat-ion
5
Q
a negatively charged ion is called an?
A
anion / an-ion
6
Q
disulfide bonds are covalent bonds formed between 2 atoms of _________
A
sulfur
7
Q
T or F
an organ system is made up of all the organs that are involved in that system
A
T
8
Q
These 7 organs
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, pancreas
make up which organ system?
A
Digestive system
9
Q
the smallest part of an element is an?
A
atom
10
Q
atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and ________?
A
electrons
11
Q
atoms are made up of protons, ________ and electrons?
A
neutrons
12
Q
atoms are made up of ________, neutrons and electrons?
A
protons
13
Q
Atoms are made up of what three subatomic particles?
A
Protons, neutrons and electrons
14
Q
a proton has a ________ electrical charge
A
positive
15
Q
a electron has a ________ electrical charge
A
negative
16
Q
a neutron has a ________ electrical charge
A
neutral
17
Q
the nucleus of an atom contains?
A
proton, neutron
18
Q
The outer shell of an atom contains the?
A
Electrons
19
Q
what dictates the atomic number of an element?
A
the number of protons in the nucleus
20
Q
what is the octet rule?
A
An atom ideally wants eight electrons in its outer shell to make it stable
21
Q
T or F
atoms can gain, lose or share electrons
A
T
22
Q
___________ make up all matter and are made up of 1 type of atom
A
Elements
23
Q
What type of bond is a force or attraction between positive and negative electrical charges that keep two or more atoms closely associated with each other to form a molecule
A
Chemical bond
24
Q
What bond involves the loss or gain of one or more electrons by one atom
A
Ionic bond
25
what type of bond sees the sharing of electrons between atoms
Covalent bond
26
What type of bond is an attractive force between polar molecules, that sees the sharing of it’s one electron in a covalent bond with another atom
Hydrogen bond
27
what are the 4 major groups of organic compounds
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
28
Organic compounds contain covalently bonded hydrogen and _________?
Carbon
29
what is the primary function of carbohydrates?
source of energy
30
What is a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer?
A macromolecule
31
What is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
A molecule
32
what is the subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
Examples:
Nuclei: store genetic information
Mitochondria: produce chemical energy
Ribosomes: assemble proteins
Organelle
33
What are the basic building blocks of all living things, that provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. They have many parts, each with a different function
Cell
34
groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function
Tissues
35
what are the 4 types of tissues?
connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial
36
lactation is an example of _________ feedback
positive
37
Blood glucose regulation is an example of _________ feedback
Negative
38
Body temperature control is an example of _________ feedback
Negative
39
Blood clotting is an example of _________ feedback
Positive
40
The control of blood pressure is an example of _________ feedback
Negative
41
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable ________ condition even through the ________conditions are continuously changing
internal, external
42
the smallest stable unit of matter
Atom
43
The esophagus is ________ to the spine
anterior
44
The shoulder is ________ to the wrist
proximal
45
The knee is ________ to the hip
distal
46
The heart is ________ to the liver
superior
47
The nose is ________ to the right eye
medial
48
The thumb is _______ to the index finger
lateral
49
Disulfide bonds are ________ bonds formed between 2 atoms of sulfur
Covalent
50
a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative
A polar molecule
51
```
the 11 organ systems are
•
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Cardiovascular
52
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
•
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Respiratory
53
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
•
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Digestive
54
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
•
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Urinary
55
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
•
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Nervous
56
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
•
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Endocrine
57
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
•
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Immune
58
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
•
• Muscular
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Skeletal
59
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
•
• Integumentary
• Reproductive
```
Muscular
60
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
•
• Reproductive
```
Integumentary
61
```
the 11 organ systems are
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Immune
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Integumentary
•
```
Reproductive
62
What system is comprised of heart and blood vessels, & carries blood and oxygen around body
Cardiovascular system
63
What organ system is comprised of the Upper respiratory tract and lungs, Oxygen comes into the body and CO2 leaves the body through an volume/pressure relationship
Respiratory system
64
What system is comprised of the Brain, nerve cells (neurons), & glia. The brain is control centre, neurons carry messages, and glia are support cells.
Nervous system
65
What controls unconscious and involuntary control in the nervous system
Autonomic nervous system, ANS
66
voluntary control in the nervous system
Somatic nervous system, SNS
67
what system is comprised of Glands and hormones, facilitates hormone travel through blood
Endocrine system
68
Pituitary gland (and hypothalamus) control much of the
endocrine system
69
What system is comprised of the Skeleton & its functions include: Structure, protection, storage of minerals, produce blood cells
Skeletal System
70
organ system with the Function of Movement
Muscular system
71
What are the three types of muscles?
skeletal, cardiac & ?
smooth
72
three types of muscles?
| smooth, cardiac & ?
skeletal
73
What are the three types of muscles?
smooth, skeletal & ?
Cardiac
74
what type of muscle produces voluntary movement
skeletal muscle
75
The heart is what muscle type?
Cardiac muscle
76
Involuntary movement is produced by what muscle type?
Smooth muscle
77
what are nerve cells called?
neurons
78
neurons are?
nerve cells
79
What are the support cells in the nervous system called?
Glia
80
ANS
autonomic nervous system
81
SNS
somatic nervous system
82
in a homeostasis feedback loop what senses changes in the environment
receptor
83
in a homeostasis feedback loop what analyses the input and determines the appropriate response
control centre
84
in a homeostasis feedback loop what transports sensory input to the control centre
afferent pathway
85
in a homeostasis feedback loop what carries out the action in response to the initial stimulus
effector
86
In a homeostasis feedback loop what transmits the signal to carry out a response from the control center
Efferent pathway
87
in a homeostasis feedback loop what response causes the intitial stimulus to decline
negative feedback mechanism
88
In a homeostasis feedback loop what response enhances original stimulus
Positive feedback mechanism
89
Body organisation
```
?
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Human body
90
Body organisation
```
Human body
?
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Organ system
91
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
?
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Organs
92
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
?
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Tissues
93
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
?
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Cells
94
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
?
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Organelles
95
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
?
Molecules
Elements
Atoms
```
Macromolecules
96
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
?
Elements
Atoms
```
Molecules
97
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
?
Atoms
```
Elements
98
Body organisation
```
Human body
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Macromolecules
Molecules
Elements
?
```
Atoms
