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BCU > Organisation Of The Human Body > Flashcards

Organisation Of The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the nervous system is the control centre?

A

Brain

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2
Q

The nervous system is comprised of the Brian, spinal cord and nerves. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

Which organ system provides protection from injury and water loss and physical defence against infection by microorganisms?

A

Integumentary

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4
Q

The average person, ___% of the body weight comes from muscles.

A

40%

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5
Q

Muscles are attached to bones by

A

Tendons

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6
Q

Group of similar cells working together

A

Tissue
(Refers to group of similar cells work together to perform a specific function.

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7
Q

What 3 types of muscles does the human body have?

A

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

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8
Q

Structure of two or more tissues that work together

A

Organ

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9
Q

Organs that work together to serve a common purpose

A

Organ system

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10
Q

What kind of muscle is the heart?

A

Cardiac

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11
Q

What kind of muscle is found in the lining of the stomach?

A

Smooth

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12
Q

The basic unit of life

A

Cell

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13
Q

What hormone, produced in the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels?

A

Insulin

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14
Q

What is the name of the system that transports blood?

A

Cardiovascular

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15
Q

Which pair of glands are located above each kidney?

A

Adrenal gland

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16
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries unfiltered blood from the aorta to the kidney

A

Renal artery

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17
Q

Name the three parts of the small intestine.

A

Duodenum, jejunum and the ileum

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18
Q

What is the average temperature of a healthy human?

A

37°C

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19
Q

Where are red blood cells formed?

A

Bone marrow

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20
Q

What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureter

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21
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange

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22
Q

What is the main function of the nervous system?

A

Collects, transfers and processes information

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23
Q

What is the main function of the urinary system?

A

Removes water and waste products

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24
Q

What is the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transports oxygen and hormones

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25
Q

What is the main function of the immune system?

A

Defends against disease

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26
Q

What is not one of the four types of tissue found int he body?
Muscle
Tissue
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous

A

Tissue

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27
Q

What organ system collects, transfers and processes information?

A

Nervous

28
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel in the circulatory system?
Artery
Vein
Heart
Capillaries

A

Heart

29
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Outside boundary of the cell

30
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Clear, Jelly like substance within a cell

31
Q

What are the upper and lower limits of pH of the body fluids, beyond which damage to cells and body ensues?

A

7-7.8

32
Q

Auto-regulation of an organ is independent. True or false

A

True

33
Q

What are long term effects of diabetes?

A

Glaucoma, nephropathy and retinopathy

34
Q

Name the hormone produced by the pituitary gland when the baby’s head puts pressure on the cervix

A

Oxytocin

35
Q

Which answer is not a lymphatic organ?
Tonsils
Thymus
Thyroid
Bone marrow

A

Thyroid

36
Q

Name 4 cell components which are most susceptible to xenobiotics and why.

A
  1. Nuclei contain the cell DNA, xenobiotics can damage the nucleus, leading to cell by by prevention of cell division and regulation.
  2. Ribosomes produce protein and contain RNA, any damage results in lack of protein synthesis.
  3. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for the defence against disease. When damaged, enzymes leak from the lysosome and destroy other proteins.
  4. Mitochondria provides cell energy through ATP synthesis. When damaged, cell death follows rapidly.
37
Q

Name the main components of the homeostatic cycle

A
  1. Stimulus causes change to the internal environment
  2. Receptor senses the stimulus
  3. Effector feeds back to the stimuli.
38
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell

39
Q

What is the role of the mitochondrion?

A

Generate cell energy to power the cells biochemical reactions. (ATP)

40
Q

What is the role of the lysosome?

A

Contains digestive enzymes to breakdown excess or worn-out cell parts. May also be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria

41
Q

What is the role of the Golgi complex?

A

Proteins recieved from the ER are processed and transported to their destinations

42
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus

A

Produces and assemble the cells ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.

43
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Serves both as the repository of genetic information and the cells control centre.

44
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

Creates proteins.

45
Q

What is the role of cytoplasm?

A

Holds the components of the cell and protects them from damage

46
Q

Why are lysosomes susceptible to xenobiotics?

A

Enzymes can be released into the cytoplasm where they can rapidly destroy the proteins in other organelles. Process is known as autolysis.

47
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Covers exposed surfaces.
Line internal passageways and chambers.
Produce glandular secretions

48
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Fills internal spaces
Provides structural support
Stores energy

49
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Contracts to produce active movement

50
Q

What is the function of nerve tissues?

A

Conducts electrical impulses and carries information

51
Q

How are epithelial tissues classified

A

By shape and number of layers of cells

52
Q

Apart from blood, What else is emerged from connective tissue?

A

Lymph

53
Q

Why does the cardiac muscle contain mitochondria and myoglobin?

A

Mitochondria - to produce large amounts of ATP.
Myoglobin - to store oxygen to meet the demands of muscle contraction.

54
Q

Where is the most nerve tissue located?

A

Sciatic nerve, starting at the lower back and run down the back of each left.

55
Q

What is Ca2+

A

Calcium ions

56
Q

What is K+

A

Potassium

57
Q

What is triglycerides?

A

Yellow bone marrow

58
Q

What is hemeatopoiesis?

A

Red bone marrow

59
Q

Why is digestion important?

A

Breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth and cell repair

60
Q

Food moving through the GI tract by a process known as?

A

Peristalsis

61
Q

What organ does the brain signal to peristalsis to begin?

A

Esophagus

62
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

A system circulating blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood and lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.

63
Q

Is the circulatory system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

64
Q

What is pseudostratified ciliates membrane?

A

The type of respiratory epithelium found in the linings of the trachea as well as other respiratory tract. Allows filtering and humidification of incoming air.

65
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Eliminates waste, regulates blood volume and pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites and regulates blood pH.

BCU (2 decks)

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