Organisation And Structure Of Data

Question 1

Define denary

Answer 1

Base 10 (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

Question 2

Define binary

Answer 2

Base 2 (0,1)

Question 3

Define hexadecimal

Answer 3

Base 16 (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F) used as shorthand for binary

Question 4

How to double binary

Answer 4

Shift all 1 to the left

Question 5

How to divide binary

Answer 5

Shift all 1 to the right

Question 6

Binary addition

Answer 6

0+0=0
0+1=1
1+1=10
1+1+1=11

Question 7

Define pixel

Answer 7

A small coloured dot on a computer display

Question 8

Define bitmap

Answer 8

A stored array of pixels that create an image

Question 9

Define vector

Answer 9

Images stored as instructions to draw a geometric shape

Question 10

Define sample rate

Answer 10

The number of audio samples captured each second. The higher the sample rate, the better the quality but larger the file

Question 11

Define bit depth

Answer 11

The number of bits available for each clip e.g. bit depth 4 (0101) or bit depth 8 (01010110)

Question 12

Define bit rate

Answer 12

The number of bits used per second of audio

Question 13

Define metadata

Answer 13

Set of data that describes other data

Question 14

Define colour bitmap image

Answer 14

Like a black and white bitmap but with longer binary numbers that represents how much red, green and blue is required in the colour of a pixel

Question 15

Colour depth to number of colours

Answer 15

1 bit - 2
2 bit - 4
3 bits - 8
8 bits - 256
16 bits - 65,536
24 bits - 16.7 million
32 bits - 4.3 billion

Question 16

Examples of metadata on music files

Answer 16

Genre of music
Date created
Location
Size
Dimensions

Question 17

Define integer

Answer 17

Whole numbers, positive or negative

Question 18

Define real

Answer 18

Numbers including fractions or decimal points

Question 19

Define Boolean

Answer 19

True or False, 1 or 0

Question 20

Define character

Answer 20

Letter, digit, punctuation, or any other symbol

Question 21

Define string

Answer 21

A sequence of characters

Question 22

Define character set

Answer 22

A table that maps a character to a corresponding binary digit e.g ASCII

Question 23

Define data sructure

Answer 23

A specific way of organising data so it can be processed efficiently

Question 24

Define record

Answer 24

A structure containing related data of different data types

Question 25

Define primary key/key field

Answer 25

A unique identifier for each record e.g ID number

Question 26

Define array

Answer 26

A structure containing a fixed number of data items, which must be the same data type e.g list

Question 27

Code for traversing an array (using each item in the list)

Answer 27

myArray[array length]

for i = 0 to end of array
print myArray[i]
next i

Question 28

Code for insertion in an array

Answer 28

myArray[array number] = new entry

Question 29

Code for deletion in an array

Answer 29

myArray[array number] = “”

Question 30

How to store two dimensional arrays

Answer 30

myArray[row,column]

Question 31

Code for traversing a two dimensional array

Answer 31

myArray[row,column]

for i = 0 to end of row
for j = 0 to end of column
print myArray [i, j]
next j
next i

Question 32

Define validation

Answer 32

Ensures that data entered is reasonable

Question 33

Types of validation check (5)

Answer 33

Presence
Format
Length
Data Type
Range

Question 34

Definition and code for presence check

Answer 34

Checks if the field has been left blank

if data entered = “” then
output error message
end if

Question 35

Definition and code for format check

Answer 35

Checks for a specific pattern

if data entered <> format(…) then
output error message
end if

Question 36

Definition and code for length check

Answer 36

Checks for certain or sensible length

if len(data entered) <> number then
output error message
end if

Question 37

Define data type check

Answer 37

Checks input data is a particular data type

Question 38

Definition and code for range check

Answer 38

Checks data is within a specified range

if data entered < minimum
OR data entered > maximum then
output error message
end if

Question 39

Define verification check

Answer 39

Ensures that data entered is consistent

Question 40

Types of verification check

Answer 40

Double-entry
Screen based/ visual check
Check digit

Question 41

Definition and code for double-entry

Answer 41

Checks for comparing two versions of a data input

if password <> reTypePassword then
output error message
end if

Question 42

Define screen based/ visual check

Answer 42

Makes the user check that the information is correct

Question 43

Define check digit

Answer 43

Uses calculations to check. Repeats the calculation and checks if the output is the same to verify