Organisation Flashcards
Name 3 types of tissue and give their function
1) Muscular tissue - contracts to move whatever it’s attached to.
2) Glandular tissue - makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones.
3) Epithelial tissue - covers some parts of the body (e.g. the inside of the gut).
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst (e.g. enzyme) is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction.
What does the ‘lock and key’ model present?
A substrate fitting and being split apart inside the active site of an enzyme.
How do you calculate the rate of reaction?
Rate = 1000 ÷ Time
Give an example of a carbohydrase, its function and where its made
Carbohydrases (e.g. amylase) break down starch into sugars. They are made in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
Give an example of a protease, its function and where it’s made
Proteases (e.g. pepsin) convert proteins into amino acids. They are made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
Give the function of lipases and state where they’re made
Lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. They are made in the pancreas and small intestine.
Give the function of bile and where it’s produced
Bile is produced in the liver. It is stored in the gall bladder before it is released into the small intestine. Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat.
Give the function of the salivary glands
These produce the amylase enzyme in the saliva.
Give the function of the liver
The liver is where bile is produced.
Give the function of the gall bladder
The gall bladder is where bile is stored, before it’s released into the small intestine.
Give the function of the large intestine
The large intestine is where excess water is absorbed from the food.
Give the functions of the stomach
1) The stomach pummels the food with its muscular walls.
2) It produces the protease enzyme, pepsin.
3) It produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and to give the right pH (pH 2) for the protease enzyme (pepsin) to work.
Give the function of the pancreas
The pancrease produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. It releases these into the small intestine.
Give the functions of the small intestine
The small intestine produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion. This is also where the digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood.
Give the function of the rectum
The rectum is where the faeces are stored before they leave through the anus.
What is the Benedict’s Test used to identify?
Sugars
What is the Iodine Solution used to identify?
Starch
What is the Biuret Test used to identify?
Proteins
What is the Sudan III Test used to identify?
Lipids