Organics II Flashcards
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2)
True or False: Alkenes are saturated hydrocarbons.
False
What type of bond is present in alkenes?
Double bond
Fill in the blank: The functional group of alcohols is ____.
-OH
What is the main difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Alkenes contain at least one double bond, while alkanes do not.
What is the process called when an alkene is converted to an alkane?
Hydrogenation
Name one use of alcohols in everyday life.
As solvents or in alcoholic beverages.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
C_nH_(2n)
True or False: Carboxylic acids have a -COOH functional group.
True
What is the primary product of the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide and water
Which type of reaction involves the addition of a halogen to an alkene?
Electrophilic addition
What is an example of a simple carboxylic acid?
Acetic acid (ethanoic acid)
Fill in the blank: The simplest alkene is ____.
Ethene
What is the main method of producing alcohols from alkenes?
Hydration
True or False: Alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes or ketones.
True
What is the name of the reaction where an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid to form an ester?
Esterification
What is the functional group in esters?
-COO-
Name a common use for esters.
As flavorings or fragrances.
What is the main characteristic of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
They contain one or more double or triple bonds.
Fill in the blank: The reaction of an alkene with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst is known as _____.
Hydrogenation
What type of isomerism is exhibited by alkenes due to the presence of a double bond?
Geometric (cis-trans) isomerism
What is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?
An ester and water
True or False: All alcohols are soluble in water.
False
What is the name of the simplest alcohol?
Methanol
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down large hydrocarbons into smaller ones is called _____.
Cracking
What is the effect of increasing chain length on the boiling point of alkanes?
The boiling point increases.
Which hydrocarbon is known for being a key component of natural gas?
Methane
What type of reaction occurs when an alkene reacts with water?
Hydration
True or False: Aldehydes can be oxidized to form carboxylic acids.
True
What distinguishes primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?
The number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the -OH group.
What is the primary product when an alcohol is oxidized?
Aldehyde or ketone, depending on the alcohol type.
