organics

Question 1

alkanes

Answer 1

substitution + requires UV light

Question 2

alkenes

Answer 2

addition

Question 3

bromine water

Answer 3

decolourises in alkenes, stays orange in alkanes

Question 4

ethene + bromine

Answer 4

(double bond breaks)
1,2 dibromoethane
addition

Question 5

ethane + bromine

Answer 5

bromoethane and hydrogen bromide
substitution

Question 6

hydration with ethene

Answer 6

300 degrees c
60-70 atm
phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 7

fermentation

Answer 7

25-30 degrees c
yeast
absence of air (bacteria in air causes oxygen to oxidise glucose)

Question 8

potassium dichromate

Answer 8

orange to green

Question 9

nitrogen and oxygen in car engine

Answer 9

nitrogen in a car engine reacts with oxygen in air at high temp so forms nitrogen oxide
this then reacts with water to form nitric acid which is acid rain

Question 10

bottom of fractionating column

Answer 10

HOT
bitumen

Question 11

top of fractionating column

Answer 11

COLD
refinery gas

Question 12

longest chain length

Answer 12

bitumen
bpt, colour, viscosity highest
volatility lowest

Question 13

shortest chain length

Answer 13

refinery gas
bpt, colour, viscosity lowest
volatility highest

Question 14

refinery gas

Answer 14

cooking

Question 15

gasoline

Answer 15

fuel for cars

Question 16

kerosene

Answer 16

fuel for planes

Question 17

diesel oil

Answer 17

fuel for diesel engines

Question 18

fuel oil

Answer 18

fuel for ships

Question 19

bitumen

Answer 19

asphlat in roofing and roads