Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Voice Disorders > Organic Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Organic Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Voice Disorders are:

A
  • Purely organic

- Typically abnormal anatomy, tissue changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functional Voice Disorders are:

A
  • May be wholly functional
  • May have organic factors*
  • Typically normal anatomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of Functional misuse:

A
  • inadequate breath support
  • hard glottal attack
  • supraglottal squeeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functional misuse can lead to…

A

organic changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification of Organic Voice Disorders (5):

A 
1 Congenital – web, laryngomalacia
2 Misuse/Abuse 
3 Lifestyle – reflux (diet), Reinke’s edema (smoking), personality (nodules)
4 Disease – cancer
5 Trauma – cartilage dislocation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Organic Voice Disorders (14):

A
  1. Nodules
  2. Polyps
  3. Cysts
  4. Papilloma
  5. Granuloma
  6. Contact ulcer
  7. Sulcus vocalis
  8. Congenital
  9. Web
  10. Hemmorhage
  11. Laryngitis
  12. Reinke’s edema
  13. Leukoplakia
  14. Cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vocal Fold Nodules (organic voice disorder):

A

Benign mass(es) on medial vf surface(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Etiology of Vocal Fold Nodules:

A

Etiologies: misuse/abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs/symptoms of Vocal Fold Nodules:

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. rough voice
  3. ↑ vocal effort
  4. vocal fatigue/strain
  5. loss of upper range
  6. voice variability
  7. vf edema
  8. hourglass closure
  9. ↓ vf vibration
    Can happen with:
    - “strong” personality
    - hearing loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After 6 months of having Vocal Fold Nodules:

A

glottis closure pattern = hourglass closure. Hardened like a callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Polyps (organic voice disorder):

A

Generally soft mass, usually unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Etiologies of Polyps:

A

misuse/abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of Polyps (3):

A
  1. fibrous
  2. hemmorhagic
  3. pedunculated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs/symptoms of Polyps (8):

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. rough voice
  3. ↑ vocal effort
  4. vocal fatigue/strain
  5. breathing problems (depending on size)
  6. voice variability (especially if pedunculated)
  7. vf edema (reactive swelling)
  8. throat clearing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Fibrous Polyp?

A

still colored like the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Hemorrhagic Polyp?

A

blood filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Pedunculated Polyp?

A

Hangs out like a foot off the polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cyst (organic voice disorder):

A

Benign opaque mass originating below vf surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Etiologies of Cysts (2):

A
  1. Entrapment of vf lining (under the lining) or plugged mucous-secreting gland
  2. Vocal misuse/abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Signs/symptoms of Cysts (6):

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. rough voice
  3. ↑ vocal effort
  4. vocal fatigue/strain
  5. vocal fold edema (reactive swelling)
  6. throat clearing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Laryngocele?

A

A cyst in the laryngeal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Papilloma (organic voice disorder):

A

HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Etiologies of Papilloma (3):

A
  1. acquired at birth
  2. oral sex
  3. unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs/symptoms of Papilloma (7):

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. rough/scratchy voice
  3. cough/throat clear
  4. globus sensation
  5. breathing problems
  6. ↓ vf vibration
  7. scarring (recurrent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

There are______ strains of HPV that cause laryngeal papillomatosis

A

more than 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Granulomas (organic voice disorder):

A

Benign polyp on vocal process

Usually fibrous, may see some vascularity around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Etiologies of Granulomas (4):

A
  1. LPR (laryngo-pharyngeal reflux)
  2. Diet (soda, tomatoes, chocolate, citrus, spicy foods, high fat, caffeine, alcohol, dehydration)
  3. Lifestyle (smoking, eating too late, eating too much at once, exercising too soon, being overweight)
  4. Intubation (surgery, coma)
  5. bulimia (uncommon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Signs/symptoms of Granulomas (7):

A
  1. globus sensation (feel something in throat, feel like you need to clear it out)
  2. heartburn/indigestion (reflux-type)(might not know it is happening bc it is happening at night)
  3. excessive throat clearing (which can make it worse)
  4. dry cough
  5. post-nasal drip
  6. breathing problems (size-dependent)
  7. may be pedunculated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why are Granulomos easy to diagnose?

A

Because of their location

Located on the vocal processes (vocalic process and the lateral/muscular process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is LPR (laryngo-pharyngeal reflux)?

A
  • Sometimes called “silent reflux”
  • Commonly occurs at night while you are laying down and doesn’t have to fight with gravity
  • Ask a patient: are you waking up with a sore throat in the morning?
  • If the acid reflux happens a lot, can get nasal congestion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When the body is healing,

A

it sends mucus to coat and protect

32
Q

How can Intubation cause granulomas?

A

Because the tube rubs against back of the larynxs creating a lesion = a granuloma

33
Q

Treatment for Granulomas:

A

Mainly PPI (Proton Pump inhibitors)

H2 blocker = tums (if really bad granuloma)

  • Really bad granuloma: PPI BID (2xday), and H2 blocker at bedtime
  • These will treat the granuloma no matter what the etiology for the granuloma bc PPI tend to “clean up” the larynx
34
Q

Contact Ulcer (organic voice disorder):

A

Raw sores on mucous membrane overlying vocal process of arytenoid

Same location as a granuloma. Contact ulcers can turn into a granuloma

At first has a white appearance

35
Q

Etiologies of Contact Ulcers (4):

A
  1. misuse/abuse (slamming vocal fold together too hard)
  2. LPR
  3. smoking
  4. intubation
36
Q

Signs/symptoms of Contact Ulcers (5):

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. globus sensation
  3. mild pain when voicing or swallowing
  4. throat clearing
  5. erythema (redness)
37
Q

Which 2 organic voice disorders have the symptom of pain?

A

Contact Ulcers (may be described as a sore throat by the patient)

Cancer (actually pain in the area affected)

38
Q

What is erythema?

A

redness

39
Q

Sulcus Vocalis (organic voice disorder):

A

Thinning or absence of superficial lamina propria> “ditch”

Sulus (Latin) = cleft, furrow

40
Q

Etiologies of Sulcus Vocalis:

A

Unknown – developmental? genetic? post hemmorhage/cyst?

41
Q

Signs/symptoms of Sulcus Vocalis (6):

A
  1. may not have voice probs
  2. harsh voice
  3. hoarseness
  4. higher pitch
  5. abnormal vf vibration
  6. Superficial lamina propria either thinning OR absent
  7. Never seen in children
42
Q

What is a Sulcus?

A

A ditch running through the vocal fold

43
Q

What is Stenosis?

A

narrowing

44
Q

What is a Fistula?

A

a hole

45
Q

What is a Tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Hole in the back of the trachea and front of esophagus

Foot or drink can get into the trachea, air can get in the esophagus

  • openings b/t trachea & esophagus
  • May co-occur w/ esophageal pouch
46
Q

Congenital Organic Voice Disorders:

A
  1. Laryngomalacia
  2. Subglottal stenosis
  3. Esophageal atresia
  4. Tracheoesophageal fistula
47
Q

What is a Laryngomalacia?

A
  • Cartilage fails to stiffen
  • Collapse of epiglottis into airway
  • Stridor (inspiratory or expiratory)
  • May outgrow

*A Congenital Organic Voice Disorder

48
Q

What is Subglottal stenosis?

A
  • Narrow subglottal space
  • Arrested dev’t of cricoid cart (soft or too small cricoid cart.)
  • Intubation trauma (usually prolonged intubation)

*A Congenital Organic Voice Disorder

49
Q

What is Esophageal atresia?

A

occlusion of esophagus

50
Q

Laryngeal Web (organic voice disorder):

A

Web of tissue across larynx, usually anterior

51
Q

Etiologies of Laryngeal Web (2):

A
  • Congenital

- Post-surgical

52
Q

Signs/symptoms of Laryngeal Web (3):

A
  • May not have voice probs
  • Usually no probs breathing (Problems breathing if they are young/have a small airway or if the web is huge)
  • 99% of webs are anterior
53
Q

What is Mitomycin C?

A

A deterrent for a laryngeal web

put there in surgery to avoid the tissue growing again

54
Q

Hemmorhage (organic voice disorder):

A

Bleeding into superficial lamina propria

55
Q

Etologies of Hemorrhaging (2):

A
  • misuse/abuse

- medications (Coumadin, aspirin)

56
Q

Signs/symptoms of Hemorrahaging:

A
  • hoarseness
  • vf erythema
  • vf edema
  • ↓ vf vibration
  • loss of pitch range
  • varix (varices) (blood spots)
57
Q

What is a Varix?

A

blood spot/blood vessel on vf

58
Q

Why do we often see vascularity with edema?

A

Bc the extra fluid pushes the blood vessels to the surface

59
Q

Laryngitis (organic voice disorder):

A

Inflammation of vocal folds

larynx is pissed

60
Q

Etiologies of Laryngitis (3):

A
  • infection (e.g. Upper-respiratory infection)
  • LPR
  • allergies
61
Q

Signs/symptoms of Laryngitis (7):

A
  • hoarseness
  • sore throat
  • cough (Dry cough)
  • fever
  • vf edema
  • erythema
  • Severe = no voice
62
Q

Why do some develop nodules on top of laryngitis?

A

BC the person is pushing to get voice out.

*Best thing you can do is vocal fold rest to heal and avoid getting nodules

63
Q

Reinke’s Edema (organic voice disorder):

A
  • a.k.a. polypoid corditis

- Swelling of entire superficial lamina propria (Reinke’s layer)

64
Q

Etiologies of Reinke’s Edema:

A

smoking (anything)

65
Q

Signs/symptoms of Reinke’s Edema (4):

A
  • gravelly voice
  • low pitch
  • vf edema
  • impaired breathing
  • Could impair breathing if the reinke’s edema is so severe
66
Q

Increase in mass of the vocal folds, there is a….

A

decrease in pitch

67
Q

Leukoplakia (organic voice disorder):

A
  • White patches/growths on epithelium
  • Pre-cancerous
  • May start out with Reinke’s edema and advance to this
  • Always sent for a biopsy
  • Can turn into laryngeal cancer
68
Q

Etiologies of Leukoplakia (2):

A
  • smoking (99%)

- chemical exposure (1%)

69
Q

Signs/symptoms of Leukoplakia (3):

A
  • hoarseness
  • ↓ vf vibration
  • vf edema
70
Q

Cancer (organic voice disorder):

A

3 types:

  • Glottic (larynx-vocal folds) (most common)
  • Supraglottic (above the level of the vocal folds)
  • Subglottic (below the folds) (rare)
71
Q

Etiologies of Cancer (3):

A
  • smoking
  • heavy alcohol consumption
  • asbestos or chemical exposure
72
Q

Signs/symptoms of Cancer (5):

A
  • hoarseness
  • rough voice
  • pain (No longer a sore throat. PAIN! Worse when swallow)
  • strain
  • difficulty/pain swallowing
  • Irregularity (sign of cancer)
73
Q

What’s the #1 cause of laryngeal cancer?

A

smoking

74
Q

How does one triple their chances of getting laryngeal cancer?

A

Smoking AND drinking heavily

75
Q

Laryngeal Trauma (etiologies) (3):

A
  • Hit in the neck
  • Weight lifting
  • Foreign bodies

Voice Disorders (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions