Organic (unit 4) Flashcards
multiple bonds are _____ reactive than single bonds
more, as they are much more unstable
atoms that are more ________ electronegative will replace another species that isnt as ________
electronegative
what are addition reactions?
2 molecules combining, something is added to a molecule
where do addition reactions occur?
only at double or triple bonds
what are the three subclasses of addition reactions?
halogenation: adding halogens
hydrogenation: adding hydrogens
hydrohalogenation: adding acids
what are substitution reactions?
one species being replaced with another more electronegative atom
substitution reactions always happen to _______ organics
saturated
how many species will substitute during a substitution reaction
only one
_____ is usually required in a substitution reaction in the form of ____ or ____
energy, uv light, heat
addition always happens with ______ compounds
unsaturated
what is an elimination reaction?
atoms leaving a molecule
elimination reactions usually produce ______ or ______ bonds
double, triple
what is steam cracking?
high temp steam hits ethane and removes hydrogens, forms ethene
what is dehydrating?
removing HOH, an acid catalyst usually is involved
what is dehydrohalogenation?
addition of a base to a halogenated hydrocarbon producing a double bond
what are esters?
natural/artificial fragrance and flavourings, perfumes, fats, etc
esters are the “child” of two parent molecules, what are they?
carboxylic acid and alchohol
what is the joining of esters called?
esterification
monomers join to become ______?
polymers
what is the process of making polymers?
polymerization
what are the two types of polymerization?
addition polymerization, and condensation polymerization
what is addition polymerization?
double bonded monomers breaking to join up, creates a chain reaction
what is condensed polymerization?
always two different polymers (called co-polymer)
what is another name for condensed polymerization?
dehydration
higher molecular _____ has higher _______ = higher ________
weight, london dispersion force, bp/mp
more polar = more _____ = higher ______
sticky, bp/mp
hydrogen bonds are _______
super polar
read: solubility “like likes like”
- nonpolar dissolves nonpolar
- polar dissolves polar
- hydrogen bonding dissolves hydrogen bonding
what does a longer chain mean for solubility?
less solubility
what is a homologous series?
a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula
polar vs non polar
a polar molecule will usually be asymmetrical and a non-polar molecule will usually be symmetrical
