Organic (unit 4)

Question 1

multiple bonds are _____ reactive than single bonds

Answer 1

more, as they are much more unstable

Question 2

atoms that are more ________ electronegative will replace another species that isnt as ________

Answer 2

electronegative

Question 3

what are addition reactions?

Answer 3

2 molecules combining, something is added to a molecule

Question 4

where do addition reactions occur?

Answer 4

only at double or triple bonds

Question 5

what are the three subclasses of addition reactions?

Answer 5

halogenation: adding halogens
hydrogenation: adding hydrogens
hydrohalogenation: adding acids

Question 6

what are substitution reactions?

Answer 6

one species being replaced with another more electronegative atom

Question 7

substitution reactions always happen to _______ organics

Answer 7

saturated

Question 8

how many species will substitute during a substitution reaction

Answer 8

only one

Question 9

_____ is usually required in a substitution reaction in the form of ____ or ____

Answer 9

energy, uv light, heat

Question 10

addition always happens with ______ compounds

Answer 10

unsaturated

Question 11

what is an elimination reaction?

Answer 11

atoms leaving a molecule

Question 12

elimination reactions usually produce ______ or ______ bonds

Answer 12

double, triple

Question 13

what is steam cracking?

Answer 13

high temp steam hits ethane and removes hydrogens, forms ethene

Question 14

what is dehydrating?

Answer 14

removing HOH, an acid catalyst usually is involved

Question 15

what is dehydrohalogenation?

Answer 15

addition of a base to a halogenated hydrocarbon producing a double bond

Question 16

what are esters?

Answer 16

natural/artificial fragrance and flavourings, perfumes, fats, etc

Question 17

esters are the “child” of two parent molecules, what are they?

Answer 17

carboxylic acid and alchohol

Question 18

what is the joining of esters called?

Answer 18

esterification

Question 19

monomers join to become ______?

Answer 19

polymers

Question 20

what is the process of making polymers?

Answer 20

polymerization

Question 21

what are the two types of polymerization?

Answer 21

addition polymerization, and condensation polymerization

Question 22

what is addition polymerization?

Answer 22

double bonded monomers breaking to join up, creates a chain reaction

Question 23

what is condensed polymerization?

Answer 23

always two different polymers (called co-polymer)

Question 24

what is another name for condensed polymerization?

Answer 24

dehydration

Question 26

higher molecular _____ has higher _______ = higher ________

Answer 26

weight, london dispersion force, bp/mp

Question 27

more polar = more _____ = higher ______

Answer 27

sticky, bp/mp

Question 28

hydrogen bonds are _______

Answer 28

super polar

Question 29

read: solubility “like likes like”

Answer 29

1. nonpolar dissolves nonpolar
2. polar dissolves polar
3. hydrogen bonding dissolves hydrogen bonding

Question 30

what does a longer chain mean for solubility?

Answer 30

less solubility

Question 31

what is a homologous series?

Answer 31

a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula

Question 32

polar vs non polar

Answer 32

a polar molecule will usually be asymmetrical and a non-polar molecule will usually be symmetrical