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aqa gcse chemistry free > organic test > Flashcards

organic test Flashcards

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1
Q

what is crude oil

A

finite resource found in rocks

mixture of very large number of compounds

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2
Q

what is crude oil made of

A

remains of ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud for millions of years

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3
Q

what are most of the compounds of crude oil

A

hydrocarbons - molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon only

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4
Q

first 4 alkanes

A

methane (CH4)
ethane (C2H6)
propane (C3H8)
butane (C4H10)

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5
Q

general formula for the homologous series of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2n

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6
Q

products of fractional distilation

A

solvents - nail varnish remover
lubricants - oil for car engines
polymers - PVC
detergents - washing up liquid

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7
Q

how does fractional distillation happen

A
  • crude oil is heated and vaporised
  • vapor rises up the fractionating column
  • column is hotter at bottom
  • hydrocarbons cool as they go up the column and condense at different heights as they have different boiling points
  • large molecules, high boiling points, collected at bottom
  • this gives fractions which can be used in various ways
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8
Q

types of combustion

A

complete

incomplete

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9
Q

complete combustion produces

A

carbon dioxide and water

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10
Q

combustion word equation

A

methane + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

combustion symbol equation

A

CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) > CO2 + H2O

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12
Q

incomplete combustion produces

A

carbon or carbon monoxide and water

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13
Q

cracking use

A

hydrocarbons can be broken down to produce smaller more useful molecules

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14
Q

cracking equation

A

C10H22 > C8H18 + C2H4

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15
Q

catalytic cracking

A

hydrocarbon is heated to a high temperature and a catalyst used

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16
Q

steam cracking

A

hydrocarbon is heated and mixed with steam

17
Q

test for alkene

A

orange-brown bromine water turns colourless when alkene is added

18
Q

alkenes general formula

A

CnH2n

19
Q

what are alkenes

A

hydrocarbons with double carbon-carbon bond

20
Q

first 3 alkenes

A

ethene (C2H4)
propene (C3H6)
butene (C4H8)

21
Q

cracking word equation

A

decane > octane + ethene

aqa gcse chemistry free (13 decks)

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