Organic Synthetic Routes Flashcards
How do you go from an Alkene to a Haloalkane?
Hydrogen Halide
How do you go from an Alkene to an Alkane?
Add H2 and Ni catalyst
How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to an Alkene?
Add H2SO4 and heat
How do you go from an Alkene to a Primary Alcohol?
Add H2O/ Steam
How do you go from an Alkane to a Haloalkane?
Halogen and UV light
How do you go from a Haloalkane to a a Primary alcohol?
Add aqueous NaOH (aq)
How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to a Haloalkane?
Add sulphuric acid H2SO4
How do you go from a Haloalkane to a Nitrile?
Add cyanide CN- and ethanol
How do you go from a Haloalkane to an Amine?
Add ammonia NH3 and ethanol
How do you go from a Nitrile to an Amine?
Add H2 and a Ni catalyst
How do you go from a Hydroxynitrile to an amine?
Add H2 with a Ni catalyst
How do you go from a Nitrile to a Carboxylic acid?
Add H2O, HCl and heat
How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to a Carboxylic acid?
Reflux with Acidified Dichromate
How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to an Aldehyde?
Distilled with Acidified Dichromate
How do you go from an Aldehyde to a Primary Alcohol?
Add NaBH4
How do you go from an Aldehyde to a Carboxylic Acid?
Reflux with Acidified Dichromate
How do you go from a Secondary Alcohol to a Ketone?
Reflux with Acidified Dichromate
How do you go from a Ketone to a Secondary Alcohol?
Add NaBH4
How do you go from a Ketone to a Hydroxynitrile?
Add aqueous NaCN(aq) and H+(aq) ions
How do you go from a Ketone to a Hydroxynitrile?
Add aqueous NaCN(aq) and H+(aq) ions
How do you go from a Hydroxynitrile to a Carboxylic Acid?
H2O, HCl and heat
How do you go from a Carboxylic Acid to an Acyl Chloride?
SOCl2
How do you go from an Acyl Chloride to a Carboxylic Acid?
H2O
How do you go from an Acyl Chloride to a Primary Amide?
Add ammonia NH3
How do you go from an Acyl Chloride to a Secondary Amide?
Add a Primary Amine
How do you go from an Acyl Chloride to an Ester?
Add alcohol
How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to an Ester?
Add Carboxylic Acid and then Concentrated H2SO4 sulphuric acid to act as a catalyst
How do you go from an Ester to a Carboxylic acid?
Add dilute acid and heat
How do you go from a Carboxylic Acid to an Ester?
Add alcohol and concentrated H2SO4 sulphuric acid
How do you go from an Ester to a Carboxylate?
Add OH- and heat
