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edexcel a level chemistry > organic synthesis routes > Flashcards

organic synthesis routes Flashcards

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1
Q

alkene to poly(alkene)

A

high pressure catalyst
polymerisation

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2
Q

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A

Br2, Cl2
room temp
electrophilic addition

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3
Q

alkene to a diol

A

KMnO4
oxidation

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4
Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2
nickel catalyst
addition/reduction

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5
Q

alkene to halogenoalkane

A

HBr, HCl
room temp
electrophilic addition

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6
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

H2O
conc H3PO4 catalyst

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7
Q

dihalogenoalkane to diol

A

KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

halogenoalkane to alkene

A

KOH alcoholic heat under reflux
elimination

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9
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

conc H3PO4
elimination
dehydration

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10
Q

halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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11
Q

alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

PCl5, NaBr/H2SO4 , P + I2
heat under reflux
substitution

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12
Q

halogenoalkane to amine

A

alcoholic NH3
heat under pressure
nucleophilic substitution

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13
Q

halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

CN- in ethanol/water mixture
nucleophilic substitution

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14
Q

nitrile to amine

A

LiAlH4
reduction

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15
Q

amine to secondary amide

A

acyl chloride
room temp
nucleophilic addition/elimination

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16
Q

amine to secondary and tertiary amine

A

halogenoalkane
nucleophilic substitution

17
Q

nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

acid hydrolysis
heat with dilute acid e.g HCL

18
Q

acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

room temp
primary amine

19
Q

acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3
room temp

20
Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O
room temp

21
Q

acyl chloride to ester

A

alcohol
room temp

22
Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

PCl5

23
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

alcohol and H2SO4
heat
esterfication

24
Q

carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 reduction

25
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7 / H+
heat under reflux and excess oxidising agent
oxidation

26
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN + KCN
nucleophilic addition

27
Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN + KCN
nucleophilic addition

28
Q

ketone to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
reduction

29
Q

aldehyde to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
reduction

30
Q

alcohol to ester

A

carboxylic acid + H2SO4
heat
esterfication

31
Q

alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7 / H+
primary alcohol

32
Q

alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7 / H+
secondary alcohol

edexcel a level chemistry (1 decks)

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