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A-Level Chemistry > Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene to Alkane

A

addition reaction
H₂/Ni
150°
50 atmospheres

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2
Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

A

Nucleophilic addition
HBr
Room temp

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3
Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

Hydration reaction

H₂O and H₂SO₄

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4
Q

Alkene to Alkyl Hydrogensulphate

A

Electrophilic Addition
concentrated H₂SO₄
cold temp

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5
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

Radical Substitution reaction
Br₂/Halogen
UV or Sunlight

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6
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution
NaOH(aq)
Heat under reflux with ethanol

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7
Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

A

Heat with acidified KOH

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8
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution
NaCN(aq) in ethanol solution.
Heat under reflux

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9
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

`Nucleophilic Substitution
Concentrated NH₃
Heat in a sealed environment

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10
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A 
Elimination Reaction
Al₂O₃ at 300°C
Conc H₂SO₄
Heat under reflux
Add water
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11
Q

Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Oxidation Reaction
Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺(aq)
Distillation

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12
Q

Alcohol to Ester

A

add a Carboxylic acid and H₂SO₄

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13
Q

Alcohol to Ketone

A

2° Alcohol
Oxidation
Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺
Heat under reflux

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14
Q

Alkyl Hydrogensulphate to Alcohol

A

Substitution reaction
raise to high temp
(boil)

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15
Q

Aldehyde to Alcohol

A

Reduction Reaction

NaBH₄

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16
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

A

Oxidation reaction
Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺(aq)
Heat under reflux

17
Q

Aldehyde to 2-hydroxynitrile

A

Addition Reaction

HCN

18
Q

Ketone to Alcohol

A

Reduction reaction

NaBH⁴

19
Q

Ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile

A

Addition Reaction

HCN

20
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Aldehyde

A

Reduction

LiAlH₄

21
Q

Carboxylic acid to Ester

A

Esterification/Condensastion
R’OH/phenol w/ conc H₂SO₄ catalyst.
Heat under reflux.

22
Q

Nitrile to Amine

A

LiAlH₄

Nucleophilic addition

23
Q

Amine to Amide

A

LiAlH₄ in dry ether at room temp

A-Level Chemistry (5 decks)

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