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AQA Chemistry > Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Re-agents and Conditions needed to go from acyl chloride to N-substituted Amide.

A
  • Primary Amine

- 20 degrees Celsius

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2
Q

Reagents and conditions from Acyl chloride to Ester?

A
  • Alcohol

- 20 degrees Celsius

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3
Q

Reagents and conditions for Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid?

A
  • H20

- 20 degrees Celsius

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4
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Heat
  • conc. h2so4 catalyst
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5
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid?

A
  • H20
  • reflux
  • dilute H2SO4
  • Carboxylate (COO-)
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6
Q

Amide to Amine?

A
  • LiAlH4
  • Dilute HCl
  • Reduction
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7
Q

Amine to Amide?

A
  • Carboxylic Acid
  • Heat
  • Oxidation
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8
Q

Nitrile to Amine?

A
  • Reduction/Hydrogenation
  • LiAlH4
  • H2/Ni
  • Dilute H2SO4
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9
Q

Haloalkane to Amine?

A
  • Excess ammonia
  • Ethanol
  • Heat
  • Nucleophillic Substitution
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10
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile?

A
  • KCN
  • Ethanol
  • Reflux
  • Nucleophilic Substitution
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11
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol?

A
  • NaOH/KOH
  • Warm Reflux
  • Nucleophilic Substitution
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12
Q

Haloalkane to Alkene?

A
  • Elimination
  • NaOH/KOH
  • Heat under reflux
  • Ethanolic Conditions
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13
Q

Alkene to Alkane?

A
  • Hydrogenation

- Hydrogen with Platinum/Nickel catalyst

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14
Q

Alkene to Haloalkane?

A
  • HBr, HX, Br2 water
  • Dibromoalkane
  • Electrophillic Addition
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15
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane?

A
  • Cl2
  • UV light
  • Free Radical Substitution
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16
Q

Alkene to alkyl hydrogen sulfate

A
  • Electrophillic Addition
  • Cold
  • Conc. H2SO4
17
Q

Alkyl Hydrogensulfate to Alcohol

A
  • Water
  • Warm
  • Hydrolysis
18
Q

Alkene to Alcohol?

A

Conc. h3po4 catalyst

  • Steam
  • 300 degrees Celsius
  • 60 atm
  • Hydration
19
Q

Alcohol to Alkene?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Elimination
  • Reflux
  • Conc. h2so4
20
Q

Aldehyde to Alcohol?

A
  • NaBH4
  • H20
  • Methanol
  • Nucleophillic Addition/reduction
21
Q

Alcohol to Aldehyde?

A
  • K2Cr2O7
  • Acidified Potassium Dichromate
  • H2SO4
  • Warm Distillation
  • Mild Oxidation
22
Q

Alcohol to Ketone?

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate

  • Secondary Alcohol
  • Reflux
  • Hot
23
Q

Ketone to alcohol?

A
  • NaBH4
  • H20
  • Methanol
  • Reduction
24
Q

Aldehyde to 2-Hydroxynitrile?

A
  • HCN/KCN
  • H2SO4
  • 20 degrees Celsius
  • Nucleophillic Addition
25
Q

Ketone to 2-HydroxyNitrile?

A
  • HCN/KCN
  • H2SO4
  • 20 degrees Celsius
  • Nucleophillic Addition
26
Q

Alcohol to Ester?

A
  • Carboxylic Acid
  • Conc. h2SO4 catalyst
  • Heat
  • Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride
  • Addition-elimination
  • 20 degrees Celsius
27
Q

Ester to carboxylic Acid?

A
  • Dilute H2SO4 catalyst
  • H20
  • Reflux
28
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Conc. h2SO4 catalyst
  • Heat
  • Esterification/Condensation
29
Q

What are the Re-agents and Conditions needed to go from an Acyl Chloride to a Primary Amine?

A
  • NH3

- 20 degrees Celsius

30
Q

Benzene to PhenylKetone?

A
  • Acylation (Electrophillic Substitution)
  • Aqueous environment
  • Reflux
  • AlCl3 catalyst
31
Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene?

A
  • Nitration
  • Conc. h2so4/hno3
  • Below 55 degrees Celsius
32
Q

Nitrobenzene to PhenylAmine?

A
  • Sn/Conc HCl
  • Reflux
  • NaOH
  • Reductiob
  • NaOH can be oxidised
33
Q

PhenylAmine to N-PhenylEthanamide?

A

Nucleophilic Addition-elimination

  • 20 degrees Celsius
  • CH3COCl

AQA Chemistry (10 decks)

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