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Organic synthesis > Organic synthesis > Flashcards

Organic synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Acyl chlorides to amines

A

Amide

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2
Q

Acyl chlorides to primary amides

A

NH3

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3
Q

Acyl chlorides to Carboxylic acids

A

water

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4
Q

Acyl chlorides to Ester

A

alcohol

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5
Q

Amine to amide

A

Acyl chloride

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6
Q

Nitriles to amines

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether

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7
Q

Halogenoalkanes to amine

A

ammonia

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8
Q

Alkane to halogenoalkane

A

Halogen + UV light

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9
Q

Alkenes to halogenoalkanes

A

HX

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10
Q

Alkenes to alkanes

A

Hydrogen + Ni catalyst

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11
Q

Hydroxynitriles to amines

A

Hydrogen + Ni catalyst

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12
Q

Nitriles to carboxylic acids

A

Conc. HCl

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13
Q

Carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides

A

PCl5

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14
Q

Carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

A

alkali

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15
Q

Carboxylate salt to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute sulfuric acid

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16
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol + conc H2SO4

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17
Q

Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4

18
Q

Aldehydes to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4 + reflux

19
Q

Carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether

20
Q

Carboxylic acid to aldehyde

A

Not possible because aldehydes get reduced to alcohol
quickly

21
Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4

22
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether

23
Q

Aldehydes and ketone to hydroxynitriles

A

KCN + HCN

24
Q

Secondary alcohol to Ketones

A

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4 + reflux

25
Q

Ketones to secondary alcohols

A

LiAlH4 I dry ether

26
Q

Alcohols to alkenes

A

Conc. phosphoric acid

27
Q

Alcohols to chloroalkanes

A

PCl5

28
Q

Alcohols to iodoalkane

A

red phosphorus + iodine

29
Q

Alcohol to bromoalkane

A

50% H2SO4 + KBr

30
Q

Halogenolakanes to alcohols

A

KOH + ethanol + reflux

31
Q

Grignards + CO2

A

Carboxylic acid

32
Q

Grignards + Methanal

A

primary alcohol

33
Q

Grignards + Aldehyde

A

secondary alcohol

34
Q

Grignards + Ketone

A

Tertiary alcohol

35
Q

How is a Grignard reagent formed?

A

React MgBr in dry ether with the compound

36
Q

Benzene to cyclohexane

A

H2

37
Q

Bromination of benzene

A

Br2 (Forms HBr and bromobenzene)

38
Q

Nitration of benzene

A

Nitric acid + Sulfuric acid (50 - 60 degrees)

39
Q

Alkylation of benzene

A

CH3Cl + AlCl3 catalyst

40
Q

Sulfonation of benzene

A

Fuming sulfuric acid at 40C (SO3H)

41
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam, H3PO4 catalyst

42
Q

Preparation of azo dyes

A

React NaNO2 with HCl to make HNO2
then, react HNO2 with phenyl amine (NH2) to make diazonium ion (+N triple bond N Cl-)
React the diazonium ion with phenol to make azo dye

Organic synthesis (2 decks)

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