Organic synthesis

Question 1

Acyl chlorides to amines

Answer 1

Amide

Question 2

Acyl chlorides to primary amides

Answer 2

NH3

Question 3

Acyl chlorides to Carboxylic acids

Answer 3

water

Question 4

Acyl chlorides to Ester

Answer 4

alcohol

Question 5

Amine to amide

Answer 5

Acyl chloride

Question 6

Nitriles to amines

Answer 6

LiAlH4 in dry ether

Question 7

Halogenoalkanes to amine

Answer 7

ammonia

Question 8

Alkane to halogenoalkane

Answer 8

Halogen + UV light

Question 9

Alkenes to halogenoalkanes

Answer 9

HX

Question 10

Alkenes to alkanes

Answer 10

Hydrogen + Ni catalyst

Question 11

Hydroxynitriles to amines

Answer 11

Hydrogen + Ni catalyst

Question 12

Nitriles to carboxylic acids

Answer 12

Conc. HCl

Question 13

Carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides

Answer 13

PCl5

Question 14

Carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt

Answer 14

alkali

Question 15

Carboxylate salt to carboxylic acid

Answer 15

Dilute sulfuric acid

Question 16

Carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 16

Alcohol + conc H2SO4

Question 17

Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 17

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4

Question 18

Aldehydes to carboxylic acid

Answer 18

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4 + reflux

Question 19

Carboxylic acid to alcohol

Answer 19

LiAlH4 in dry ether

Question 20

Carboxylic acid to aldehyde

Answer 20

Not possible because aldehydes get reduced to alcohol
quickly

Question 21

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 21

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4

Question 22

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

Answer 22

LiAlH4 in dry ether

Question 23

Aldehydes and ketone to hydroxynitriles

Answer 23

KCN + HCN

Question 24

Secondary alcohol to Ketones

Answer 24

K2Cr2O7 + h2so4 + reflux

Question 25

Ketones to secondary alcohols

Answer 25

LiAlH4 I dry ether

Question 26

Alcohols to alkenes

Answer 26

Conc. phosphoric acid

Question 27

Alcohols to chloroalkanes

Answer 27

PCl5

Question 28

Alcohols to iodoalkane

Answer 28

red phosphorus + iodine

Question 29

Alcohol to bromoalkane

Answer 29

50% H2SO4 + KBr

Question 30

Halogenolakanes to alcohols

Answer 30

KOH + ethanol + reflux

Question 31

Grignards + CO2

Answer 31

Carboxylic acid

Question 32

Grignards + Methanal

Answer 32

primary alcohol

Question 33

Grignards + Aldehyde

Answer 33

secondary alcohol

Question 34

Grignards + Ketone

Answer 34

Tertiary alcohol

Question 35

How is a Grignard reagent formed?

Answer 35

React MgBr in dry ether with the compound

Question 36

Benzene to cyclohexane

Answer 36

H2

Question 37

Bromination of benzene

Answer 37

Br2 (Forms HBr and bromobenzene)

Question 38

Nitration of benzene

Answer 38

Nitric acid + Sulfuric acid (50 - 60 degrees)

Question 39

Alkylation of benzene

Answer 39

CH3Cl + AlCl3 catalyst

Question 40

Sulfonation of benzene

Answer 40

Fuming sulfuric acid at 40C (SO3H)

Question 41

Alkene to alcohol

Answer 41

Steam, H3PO4 catalyst

Question 42

Preparation of azo dyes

Answer 42

React NaNO2 with HCl to make HNO2 then, react HNO2 with phenyl amine (NH2) to make diazonium ion (+N triple bond N Cl-) React the diazonium ion with phenol to make azo dye