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Chemistry > Organic synthesis > Flashcards

Organic synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene to Alkane

A

Electrophilic addition of H2(g) + Nickel catalyst

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2
Q

Alkane to Alkene

A

Elimination of H2(g)

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3
Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution, UV light

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4
Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

A

Elimination of ethanolic NaOH + heat

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5
Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halide

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6
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution, excess ammonia, heat

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7
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution KCN/HCN (cyanide nucleophile)

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8
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution, NaOH (OH:- nucleophile)

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9
Q

Nitrile to Amine

A

Reduction, H2/ Ni

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10
Q

Amine to Amide

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination, acyl chloride

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11
Q

Amide to Amine

A

Reduction, NaOH + heat

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12
Q

Amide to Carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis NaOH + heat

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13
Q

Carboxylic acid to Alcohol

A

Reduction NaBH4

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14
Q

Alcohol to Carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation with acidified K2Cr2O7, heat under reflux

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15
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Electrophilic addition of steam + concentrated H3PO4 catalyst

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16
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

Elimination (H2O) + heat + metal catalyst Al2O3

17
Q

Alcohol to Ketone

A

Heat under reflux, oxidation of secondary alcohol + acidified potassium dichromate

18
Q

Ketone to Alcohol

A

Reduction to secondary alcohol, NaBH4 (reagent)

19
Q

Ketone to Hydroxynitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution

20
Q

Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Heat under reflux, oxidation of primary alcohol + acidified potassium dichromate + distillation

21
Q

Aldehyde to Alcohol

A

Reduction to primary alcohol

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to Aldehyde

A

Reduction NaBH4 , (ether)

23
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

A

Further oxidation of primary alcohol

24
Q

Carboxylic acid to Ester

A

Esterification- heat with alcohols in presence of an acid catalyst

25
Q

Ester to Carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis- heat under reflux with dilute acid (HCl/H2SO4)

26
Q

Amide to Carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis- NaOH + heat

27
Q

Acyl chloride/ Acyl anhydride to Amide

A

Acylation (Nucleophilic addition-elimination), ammonia

28
Q

Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid

A

Acylation (Nucleophilic addition-elimination), water (H2O:)

29
Q

Acyl chloride to Ester

A

Acylation (Nucleophilic addition-elimination), alcohol

30
Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

Electrophilic substitution, concentrated H2SO4, concentrated HNO3, 50-60 degrees (cannot heat too hot as can be further oxidised)

31
Q

Nitrobenzene to Amino benzene

A

Reduction (loses O2 + gains hydrogen), tin + concentrated HCl, heat under reflux

32
Q

Benzene to Acylated benzene

A

Friedel-crafts acylation (electrophilic substitution) + AlCl3 (catalyst) + CH3CO+ electrophile

Chemistry (2 decks)

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