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Chemistry > Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene to Alkane

A
  • H2
  • nickel catalyst
  • 150 c
  • 5 atm
  • addition reaction
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2
Q

alkene to haloalkane

A
  • hydrogen halide
  • room temp
  • addition reaction
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3
Q

alkene to alcohol

A
  • steam
  • 300 c
  • 60 atm
  • H3PO4 concentrated
  • addition reaction
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4
Q

alkane to haloalkane

A
  • halogen
  • UV light
  • substitution reaction
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5
Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A
  • NaOH
  • reflux
  • substitution reaction
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6
Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A
  • KCN
  • ethanolic solution
  • reflux
  • substitution reaction
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7
Q

haloalkane to amine

A
  • concentrated NH3
    heated in sealed tube
    substitution reaction
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8
Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl3
PCl3/PCl5
reflux
substitution reaction

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9
Q

alcohol to aldehyde

A

primary
Cr2O72-
H+
distil
oxidation reaction

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10
Q

alcohol to ketone

A

secondary
Cr2O72-
H+
reflux
oxidation reaction

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11
Q

alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

primary
Cr2O72-
H+
reflux
oxidation reaction

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12
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Cr2O72-
H+
reflux
oxidation reaction

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13
Q

ketone to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
reduction

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14
Q

aldehyde to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
reduction

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15
Q

carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
reduction

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16
Q

nitrile to amine

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
reduction

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17
Q

amide to amine

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
reduction

18
Q

haloalkane to alkene

A

hot concentrated KOH
alcoholic solution
elimination

19
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

H2SO4 concentrated
reflux
elimination

20
Q

amide to nitrile

A

P3O5
distil
elimination

21
Q

alcohol to ether

A

primary only
H2SO4
heat
elimination

22
Q

carboxylic acid to acid anhydride

A

P3O5
distil
elimination

23
Q

nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

aqueous H+
H2O
reflux
hydrolysis

24
Q

amide to carboxylic acid

A

H2SO4
heat
hydrolysis

25
Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O
hydrolysis

26
Q

acid anhydride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O
reflux
hydrolysis

27
Q

ester to carboxylic acid

A

reflux
H+ or OH-
hydrolysis

28
Q

nitrile to amide

A

H2O
acid/ base catalyst
hydrolysis

29
Q

acyl chloride to amide

A

concentrated NH3 and room temp= primary amide
RNH2, reflux = secondary amide

30
Q

acyl chloride to ester

A

ROH
room temp
acylation

31
Q

acid anhydride to ester

A

ROH anhydrous
reflux
acylation

32
Q

acid anhydride to amide

A

NH2 reflux= primary amide
RNH2, reflux= secondary amide

33
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

ROH
concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
esterification

34
Q

alkene to addition polymer

A

polymerisation

35
Q

alkane to alkene

A

cracking

36
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

steam

37
Q

alkene to diol

A

potassium manganate
cold, dilute and acidified

38
Q

alcohol to halogenoalkane (1)

A

phosphorus halide (e.g. PCl5)
produces halegnoalkane, POCl, and HCl (if PCl5 used)

39
Q

alcohol to halogenoalkane (2)

A

HBr that is formed from 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and KBr

40
Q

alcohol to halgenoalkane (3)

A

phosphorous iodide formed from red phosphorus and iodine

41
Q

reaction with dehydrating agents

A

alcohol under reflux
phosphoric acid
forms alkene

Chemistry (7 decks)

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