Organic Structures

Question 1

If you are indicating stereochemistry, what is the difference between a wedge and a dash

Answer 1

Wedge indicates the bond is out of the plane
A dash indicates the bond is going into the plane

Question 2

Which functional groups have the highest level of oxidation

Answer 2

Carbonates
Tetrahalo compounds (4 halogen groups around a central carbon)

Question 3

Which functional groups have the second highest level of oxidation (3 bonds to heteroatoms)

Answer 3

Carboxylic acids
Esters
Amides
Nitriles
Acyl chlorides

Question 4

Which functional groups have the third highest oxidation level (two bonds to heteroatoms)

Answer 4

Aldehydes
Ketones
Acetals
Alkynes

Question 5

Which functional groups have the second lowest level of oxidation (one bond to heteroatoms)

Answer 5

Alcohol
Ethers
Amines
Alkyl halides
Alkenes

Question 6

Describe what an alkyne is

Answer 6

Contains at least one triple bond
They have linear geometry

Question 7

How would you name an alkyne

Answer 7

Named using the suffix ‘yne’
A number can be used before the ‘yne’ to indicate position of the double bond
For simple alkynes, the triple bond gets the lowest number possible
For example: propyne, hex-2-yne

Question 8

What is a phenyl group

Answer 8

A benzene ring with a substituent

Question 9

What is the difference between ortho, meta and para groups on phenyl

Answer 9

Question 10

What is an ether functional group

Answer 10

Contains an R-O-R group
Systematically named Alk-oxy-alkane
For example

Question 11

Describe what amines contain

Answer 11

RNH2, R2NH or R3N groups
Named using the suffix ‘amine’ in the name
For example: propan-1-amine

Question 12

How do you name secondary and tertiary amines

Answer 12

N-alkyl
Alkyl being the substituted group for the hydrogen off the nitrogen

Question 13

Imine, oximes and hydrazones are related to what functional grouos

Answer 13

to aldehydes and ketones
can be prepared from them

Question 14

Describe the Imine group

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe the Oxime group

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe the hydrazone group

Answer 16

Question 17

How would you name a compound with more than one functional group

Answer 17

The highest priority functional group takes the suffix (last) name
The lower priority functional group are named in the prefix (first) name
Rule of thumb: usually, the higher the oxidation level the higher the priority

Question 18

If an ester was to be in the prefix instead of the suffix, what name would you use

Answer 18

alk-oxy-carbonyl
alkoxy
or oxo

Question 19

If an amine was to be in the prefix instead of the suffix what name would you use

Answer 19

amido

Question 20

If an nitrile group was to be in the prefix instead of the suffix, what name would you use

Answer 20

Cyano

Question 21

If an aldehyde group was to be in the prefix instead of the suffix, what name would you use

Answer 21

oxo - if CHO is part of the parent chain (same for ketone)
formyl - if CHO is not part of the parent chain

Question 22

If an amine group was to be in the prefix instead of the suffix, what name would you use

Answer 22

amino