Organic reagents and their reactions

Question 1

Homolytic fission defintion

Answer 1

The braking of a covalent bond, with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom,forming two radical.

Question 2

A radical is what?

Answer 2

A radical is a species with an unpaired electron.

Question 3

Heterolytic fission defintion

Answer 3

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms, forming a cation and an anion.

Question 4

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 4

Each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons, each atom has an unpaired electron and is called a radical.
1) Two species of the same type are produced.
X-Y ——> X + Y two radicals

Question 5

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 5

One of the bonded atom takes both of the shared pair of electrons. Two ions are produced: 1) Anion which took two electrons. 2)Cation which got took no electrons when the bond broke.

Question 6

Define nucleophile

Answer 6

A nucleophile is an atom(or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom,where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 7

Define electrophile

Answer 7

An atom( or group) that is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 8

Define addition reaction

Answer 8

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.

Question 9

define substitution reaction

Answer 9

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 10

Define elimination reaction

Answer 10

An elimination reaction refers to the removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.