CHEMISTRY: ORGANIC/CARBON CHEMISTRY

Question 1

An atom / group of atoms is replaced by another atom / group of atoms

Answer 1

Substitution

Question 2

Reactions in which atoms or group of atoms are added to a molecule, across a C=C bond, forming a C-C bond. (* major/minor products if applicable)

Answer 2

Addition

Question 3

A C=C bond is formed in a molecule by the removal of atoms / groups of atoms from adjacent carbon atoms.

Answer 3

Elimination

Question 4

A reaction involving an oxidising agent such as MnO4-/H+ or Cr207-(aq)

Answer 4

Oxidation

Question 5

Reaction of a carboxylic acid with a base such as NaOH or NazCO3 - a salt is formed

Answer 5

Acid and Base

Question 6

Reaction of an amine with an acid such as HCl - a salt is formed

Answer 6

Acid-base

Question 7

Alkane to haloalkane

Answer 7

bromine water(br2), UV light, heat (substitution)

Question 8

Alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 8

SOCl2, PCl3, PCl5, HCl (bromoalkane write Br instead of Cl) (substitution)

Question 9

Haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 9

KOH(aq), heat (substitution)

Question 10

Haloalkane to amine

Answer 10

conc NH3 (alc), heat (substitution)

Question 11

Alkene to alkane

Answer 11

H2(g), Pt catalyst (addition)

Question 12

Alkene to alcohol

Answer 12

H+/H2O, heat (addition)

Question 13

Alkene to haloalkane

Answer 13

Hx(g) or x2(g) e.g. HCl or Cl2 (addition)

Question 14

Alkene

Answer 14

Unsaturated

Question 15

Alkane

Answer 15

Saturated

Question 16

Markovnikovs Rule

Answer 16

Asymmetric alkene- Carbon bearing the most hydrogens will gain more hydrogens for the major product. The carbon bearing less hydrogens will will gain the halogen and become the minor product.

Question 17

Addition polymerisation

Answer 17

Addition polymerisation occurs when the C=C in monomers breaks and the carbon atoms in this double bond join to each other from adjacent molecules to form long chains.

Question 18

Alcohol to Alkene

Answer 18

conc. H2SO4, sulfuric acid, (H and OH removed, C=C double bond made) (elimination)

Question 19

haloalkane to alkene

Answer 19

KOH (alc), heat (H and halogen removed, C=C double bond made) (elimination)

Question 20

Saytzeffs rule

Answer 20

The carbon with the least hydrogens loses the hydrogens (major). (elimination)

Question 21

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 21

MnO4-/H+, heat (purple to colourless) (oxidation)

Question 22

Alkene to a Diol

Answer 22

MnO4-/H+ (purple to colourless) (oxidation)

Question 23

Carboxylic acid with base NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3

Answer 23

Acid donates a proton. Will make Ionic salts. (Acid and Base).
E.g. CH3COO- Na+

Question 24

Amine with HCl, H2SO4

Answer 24

The base accepts a proton from the acid will make salts. (Acid and Base).
E.g CH3 NH2 + HC| → CH3NH3+Cl-