Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Study Cue Cards > BIOLOGY: LIFE PROCESSES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL > Flashcards

BIOLOGY: LIFE PROCESSES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL Flashcards

1
Q

Passive transport

A

the movement of particles across a plasma (cell) membrane from high to low concentration without using any energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diffusion

A

the net movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration through a channel protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osmosis

A

the movement of water from high to low concentration through a semipermeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Channel proteins

A

proteins that create ‘pores’ in the cell membrane though which particles (eg Nat) diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carrier proteins

A

proteins in the cell membrane that change shape when particles (eg amino acids) bind to them, creating a channel for those particles to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flaccid

A

cells drooping due to a lack of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Turgid

A

cells are swollen due to the cells containing a large amount of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plasmolysed

A

shrinking of the cytoplasm away from the cell wall in plant cells due to water flowing our of the cell by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exocytosis

A

the movement of large molecules OUT of cells by the folding of membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Active transport

A

the movement of particles across a plasma membrane from low to high concentration using energy (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cytosis

A

the movement of large molecules into or out of cells by the folding of membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endocytosis

A

the movement of large molecules INTO cells by the folding of membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pinocytosis

A

a type of cytosis where the cell takes up liquid material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phagocytosis

A

a type of cytosis where the cell takes up solid material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

a solution that has a high concentration of water and a low concentration of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isotonic

A

two solutions that have an equal concentration of water and an equal concentration of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enzyme

A

a protein with a specific shape that acts as a biological catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

a solution that has a low concentration of water and a high concentration of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lysis

A

the destruction of a cell by the rupturing of its cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Active site

A

the part of the enzyme that binds to a substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anabolic enzyme

A

one that forms larger molecules (eg proteins) from smaller ones (eg amino acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Activation energy

A

the minimum amount of energy the reacting species must possess to undergo a specific reaction

21
Q

Catabolic enzyme

A

one that breaks larger molecules (eg starch) into smaller ones (eg glucose)

22
Q

Denaturing

A

when the shape of the active site of an enzyme changes so it can no longer bind to the substrate

23
Q

Co-factors

A

small molecules that bind into the active site of an enzyme and assist enzymes in catalysing a reaction

24
Q

Lock and Key model

A

enzymes active site have a specific shape to which only one substrate can fit

25
Q

Induced fit model

A

The active site of an enzyme changes shapes (ie is moulded) to fit a specific substrate

26
Q

Co-enzymes

A

act as a bridge to lock the enzyme and substrate molecule together more tightly

27
Q

Enzyme competitive inhibitors (poisons)

A

these are molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme and prevent the substrate from binding

28
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

A reaction that occurs over a series of small, enzyme controlled steps to produce an end product eg respiration

28
Q

Enzyme non-competitive inhibitors (poisons)

A

bind to a part of the enzyme that is NOT the active site but causes the enzymes shape to distort so that the substrate can’t bind to 
the enzyme

29
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants make food (glucose)

30
Q

Respiration

A

the process by which glucose is broken down to release ATP energy

31
Q

Chromatin

A

a complex of DNA wound around histone proteins

31
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

respiration with oxygen

32
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

respiration without oxygen

33
Q

Chromosome

A

A single strand of DNA wound around histone proteins that contains many genes

34
Q

DNA

A

a polymer of repeating nucleotides that makes up chromosomes

35
Q

Nucleotide

A

the building blocks of DNA made of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group

36
Q

Complementary base pairing rule

A

A bonds with T and C bonds with G

37
Q

Antiparallel nature of DNA

A

the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other, one runs from 3’ (3 prime) to 5’ (5 prime) while the other strand runs from 5’ to 3’

37
Q

Helicase enzyme

A

the enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA strand

38
Q

Leading strand

A

the DNA strand that is constructed as one continuous strand during
DNA replication

38
Q

DNA replication

A

making a copy of a DNA strand during cell division

39
Q

Semi-conservative hypothesis

A

each new strand of DNA consists of one old strand and one new strand

39
Q

Ligase enzyme

A

joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication

40
Q

DNA polymerase enzyme

A

Binds complementary nucleotides to exposed strands of
DNA during DNA replication

41
Q

Lagging strand

A

the DNA strand that is formed in small fragments (Okazaki fragments) during DNA replication

42
Q

Mitosis

A

the type of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells

43
Q

Homologous pair of chromosomes

A

a pair of chromosomes that contain the same genes

44
Q

Diploid number

A

the number of chromosomes found in a normal body cell

45
Q

Haploid number

A

the number of chromosomes found in a gamete

46
Q

Cell cycle

A

an orderly sequence of events that occurs from one cell division to the next.

47
Q

Interphase

A

a part of the cell cycle where the cell carries out its designated function

Study Cue Cards (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions