Organic Reactions and Conditions Flashcards
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
Hydrocarbons (crude oil)
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
Free-radical reaction
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
7000 kPa
400-900*C
Give the reagent for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
Hydrocarbons (crude oil)
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
via carbocation
Give the conditions for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
Zeolite catalyst
450*C
Give the reagent for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
Cl2
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
Free radical substitution
Give the conditions for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
U.V. light
Give the reagent for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
Br2
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
Electrophilic addition
Give the conditions for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
Room temperature
aq/org. solvent
Give the reagent for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
HBr
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
Electrophilic addition
Give the conditions for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
Bubble at room temperature
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
H2SO4
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
Electrophilic addition
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
Cold conc. H2SO4
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
H2O
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
H3PO4 catalyst, 300*C, 6500 kPa
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkane from an alkene
H2
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
Addition
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
Nickel catalyst
150*C
Give the reagent for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene
Alkenes
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene
Addition polymerisation
Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
KCN or NaCN
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
Warm
Aq alcohol
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
NH3
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2, 3, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
Sealed tube
Excess ammonia
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
NaOH or KOH
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
Warm
Aqueous
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
KOH
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
Elimination
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
Hot ethanolic solution
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from an alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from a haloalkane
Oxidation
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an aldehyde from a haloalkane
Heat under reflux
Haloalkane in excess
Distil off products as soon as they are formed
What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to an aldehyde?
1*
What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to a ketone?
2*
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Oxidation
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Heat under reflux
Oxidation agent in excess
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
H2SO4 or H3PO4
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
Elimination
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
Conc acid 180*C
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4) or Tollen’s reagent or Fehling’s solution
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde
Oxidation
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Tollen’s solution
Warm gently