Organic Reactions

Question 1

Alkene -> Alkane

Answer 1

H2/Ni, 150*C

Question 2

Alkene -> Haloalkane

Answer 2

Hydrogen halide

Question 3

Alkene -> Alcohol

Answer 3

H2O (steam)/H3PO4 300*C

Question 4

Alkane -> Haloalkane

Answer 4

Halogen, UV

Question 5

Haloalkane -> Nitrile

Answer 5

NaCN or KCN in ethanol + heati

Water is a nucleophile

Question 6

Haloalkane -> Alcohol

Answer 6

NaOH(aq)

Question 7

Haloalkane -> Amine

Answer 7

NH3 in ethanol

Question 8

Alcohol -> Aldehyde

Answer 8

Potassium dichromate/H2SO4, distil

Question 9

Alcohol -> Carboxylic acid

Answer 9

Potassium dichromate/H2SO4, reflux

Question 10

Alcohol -> Alkene

Answer 10

H2SO4 or H3PO4/ heat

Question 11

Alcohol -> Haloalkane

Answer 11

Hydrogen halide
For Cl reaction too slow for primary, PCl3 is better
For Br, NaBr and H2SO4 where HBr reacts
For I, Na + H3PO4

Question 12

Alcohol -> Ester

Answer 12

Carboxylic acid / conc. H2SO4

Question 13

Alcohol -> Ester

Answer 13

Acid anhydride / conc. H2SO4

Question 14

Alcohol -> Ester

Answer 14

Acryl chloride / conc. H2SO4

Question 15

Aldehyde/ketone -> Hydroxynitrile

Answer 15

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

Question 16

Aldehyde/ketone -> Alcohol

Answer 16

NaBH4

Question 17

Ester -> Carboxylate salt

Answer 17

Hot aqueous alkali

Question 18

Carboxylic acid -> Ester

Answer 18

Alcohol/conc. H2SO4 reflux

Question 19

Carboxylic acid -> Acryl chloride

Answer 19

PCl5 cold (steamy fumes produced)

Question 20

Acryl chloride -> Carboxylic acid

Answer 20

H2O

Question 21

Acryl chloride -> Primary amide

Answer 21

NH3

Question 22

Acryl chloride -> Secondary amide

Answer 22

Primary amine

Question 23

Acryl chloride -> Ester

Answer 23

Alcohol

Question 24

Nitrile -> Amide

Answer 24

H2/Ni high temperature

Question 25

Nitrile -> Carboxylic acid

Answer 25

H2O, HCl, heat

Question 26

Amide -> Carboxylic acid and Amine

Answer 26

HCl(aq) heat or NaOH heat

Question 27

Ester -> Carboxylic acid and Alcohol

Answer 27

HCl(aq) heat or NaOH(aq) heat

Question 28

Phenol -> Bromophenol

Answer 28

Br2

Question 29

Alkene -> dibbromoalkane

Answer 29

Br2

Question 30

Benzene -> Nitrobenzene

Answer 30

Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4 50*C

Question 31

Nitrobenzene -> Phenylamine

Answer 31

Tin, conc. HCL reflux | Then, NaOH (turns NH3+ into NH2)

Question 32

Benzene -> Chlorobenzene

Answer 32

Cl2, AlCl3

Question 33

Benzene -> Bromobenzene

Answer 33

Br2, FeBr3

Question 34

Benzene -> Methylbenzene

Answer 34

CH3Cl, AlCl3

Question 35

Benzene -> Phenylethanone

Answer 35

CH3COCl, AlCl3

Question 36

Alkene into polymer

Answer 36

Nickel catalyst and heat

Question 37

Carboxylic acid into Alcohol

Answer 37

LiAlH4 0*C Dry ether

Question 38

Aldehyde into hydroxynitrile

Answer 38

HCN

Question 39

Hydroxynitrile into amine

Answer 39

LiAlH4 | Dry ether