organic reactions Flashcards
what is hydrogenation
Alkyne +H2 —> Alkene OR
Alkene + H2—> Alkane
what is the catalyst for hydrogenation Alkyne -> Alkene
Pd/c poisoned with Pb (lindlar catalyst)
what is the catalyst for hydrogenation Alkene -> Alkane
Pd/c
what is halogenation
Alkene/Alkyne + X2 —> haloalkane
does halogenation have a catalyst
no
why is hydro-halogenation
results in haloalkane (+HX)
what is hydration
Alkene + H2O —> Alcohol
what is the catalyst for hydration
dilute H2So4
what is substitution
Alkane + X2 —-> haloalkane
what is the catalyst for substitution
UV light
What is combustion
Alcohol + O2 —> Co2 + H2O
what are combustion reaction conditions
- presence of O2
- Heat (ignition/spark)
what is dehydration
Alcohol —> Alkene
what are the reaction conditions
for esterification
- room temp for tertiary alcohols
- high temp for primary/secondary alcohols
- concentrated H2so4
What is alcohol substitution with Hx
Alcohol + Hx —> haloalkane + H2O
what are the reaction conditions for alcohol substitution with Hx
Zncl2 catalyst
What is oxidation and what is the catalyst
- reduction reaction
- KmnO4 or K2Cr2O7
how does a primary alcohol oxidise
primary alcohol –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid
how does a secondary alcohol oxidise
Secondary alcohol –> ketone
why can’t tertiary alcohols oxidise
there is no C-H bond to break
what is fermentation
glucose –> ethanol + CO2
what are the reaction conditions for fermentation
- yeast –> enzyme zymase
- anaerobic conditions
- High temp –> 37
- low ph
what is esterification
Primary alcohol + carboxylic acid —> ester + water
what are the reaction conditions for esterification
- concentrated H2So4 - absorb water and shift equilibrium to right
- heat
- refluxing
