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Chemistry Mod 7 > organic reactions > Flashcards

organic reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is hydrogenation

A

Alkyne +H2 —> Alkene OR
Alkene + H2—> Alkane

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2
Q

what is the catalyst for hydrogenation Alkyne -> Alkene

A

Pd/c poisoned with Pb (lindlar catalyst)

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3
Q

what is the catalyst for hydrogenation Alkene -> Alkane

A

Pd/c

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4
Q

what is halogenation

A

Alkene/Alkyne + X2 —> haloalkane

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5
Q

does halogenation have a catalyst

A

no

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6
Q

why is hydro-halogenation

A

results in haloalkane (+HX)

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7
Q

what is hydration

A

Alkene + H2O —> Alcohol

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8
Q

what is the catalyst for hydration

A

dilute H2So4

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9
Q

what is substitution

A

Alkane + X2 —-> haloalkane

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10
Q

what is the catalyst for substitution

A

UV light

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11
Q

What is combustion

A

Alcohol + O2 —> Co2 + H2O

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12
Q

what are combustion reaction conditions

A
  1. presence of O2
  2. Heat (ignition/spark)
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13
Q

what is dehydration

A

Alcohol —> Alkene

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14
Q

what are the reaction conditions

for esterification

A
  1. room temp for tertiary alcohols
  2. high temp for primary/secondary alcohols
  3. concentrated H2so4
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15
Q

What is alcohol substitution with Hx

A

Alcohol + Hx —> haloalkane + H2O

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16
Q

what are the reaction conditions for alcohol substitution with Hx

A

Zncl2 catalyst

17
Q

What is oxidation and what is the catalyst

A
  1. reduction reaction
  2. KmnO4 or K2Cr2O7
18
Q

how does a primary alcohol oxidise

A

primary alcohol –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid

19
Q

how does a secondary alcohol oxidise

A

Secondary alcohol –> ketone

20
Q

why can’t tertiary alcohols oxidise

A

there is no C-H bond to break

21
Q

what is fermentation

A

glucose –> ethanol + CO2

22
Q

what are the reaction conditions for fermentation

A
  1. yeast –> enzyme zymase
  2. anaerobic conditions
  3. High temp –> 37
  4. low ph
23
Q

what is esterification

A

Primary alcohol + carboxylic acid —> ester + water

24
Q

what are the reaction conditions for esterification

A
  1. concentrated H2So4 - absorb water and shift equilibrium to right
  2. heat
  3. refluxing
25
Q

what are the uses of esters

A

perfume + food flavour
butyl ethanoate — banana

Chemistry Mod 7 (4 decks)

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