Organic reactions Flashcards
Addition reactions all begin with…?
Alkenes
Addition reaction of;
Alkene → Alkane
requires what catalyst…?
Pt or Ni
Addition reaction of;
Alkene → alcohol
needs what?
what catalyst?
Water
Catalyst = dilute acid
Addition reaction of
Alkene → haloalkane
needs what?
HBr/HCl (unsymmetrical)
or
Br2 or Cl2 (symmetrical)
Alkenes being oxidised used what and form what?
Use KMnO4 and forms an alcohol with 2 OH groups
one on each of the Carbons in the double bond
What reaction will tell the difference between an alkene and an alkane?
Oxidation with KMnO4 - alkene will react and decolourise it and alkane will not so colour remains.
What do you get when you oxidise an alcohol with Cr2O7-2?
Carboxylic Acid
What does Substitution reaction mean?
Substitute one functional group for another.
What does a substitution reaction between an alkane and Br2 need and what does it make?
Needs UV light and makes a haloalkane.
What catalyst does a substitution reaction going from an alcohol to a haloalkane need? What is the reactant?
Catalyst is ZnCl2
Reactant is HCl
A substitution reaction between a haloalkane and OH- forms what?
Alcohol
A substitution reaction between a haloalkane and alcoholic NH3 forms what?
Amine
What does elimination reaction mean?
Functional groups are eliminated and double bonds are formed.
Haloalkanes form alkenes (elimination) when mixed with what?
KOH or NaOH
What type of reaction is
alkene + H2 (Pt or Ni) → alkane
addition
What type of reaction is
alkane + Br2 → haloalkane
substitution
What type of reaction is
haloalkane + OH- → alcohol
substitution
What type of reaction is
haloalkane + KOH/NaOH → alkene
elimination
What type of reaction is
alcohol (conc H2SO4) → alkene
elimination
An elimination reaction starting with an alcohol needs what catalyst?
concentrated sulfuric acid
What type of reaction is
alkene (KMnO4) → (di) alcohol
oxidation
What type of reaction is
alcohol (Cr2O7-2) → carboxylic acid
oxidation
What type of reaction is
alkene + H2O (dilute acid) → alcohol
addition
What type of reaction is
alcohol + HCl (ZnCl2) → haloalkane
substitution
What type of reaction is
alkene + HCl/HBr → haloalkane
addition
What type of reaction is
alkene + Br2/Cl2 → haloalkane
addition
What type of reaction is
haloalkane + NH3(alc) → amine
substitution
