Organic Reactions Flashcards
define electrophile
species which is attracted to electron-rich regions in other molecules that can accept a LP of electrons to form a covalent bond
define nucleophile
species with a LP of electrons it can donate to a positively charged atom to form a covalent bond
define substitution
One atom or group in a molecule is swapped out for another
give key features of addition reactions
Reactant has a double bond
100% atom economy
Single product
define condensation reaction
Two molecules react and bond together with the loss of a small molecule (e.g. H2O, HCl)
define polymer
a chain of linked repeating units
define monomer
single units that make up polymers
define elimination reaction
Atom / group in a molecule is removed from neighbouring atom forming a double bond
order carboxylic acid, water, phenol and alcohol in order of increasing acidity
alcohol, water, phenol, carboxylic acid
does carboxylic acid react with Na - what is formed
Na carboxylate + H2
does carboxylic acid react with NaOH - what is formed
Na carboxylate + H2O
does carboxylic acid react with Na2CO3 - what is formed
Na carboxylate + H2O + CO2 (effervescence)
does phenol react with Na - what is formed
Na phenoxide + H2
does phenol react with NaOH - what is formed
Na phenoxide + H2O
does phenol react with Na2CO3 - what is formed
Phenol DOES NOT react with Na2CO3
does alcohol react with Na - what is formed
sodium alcoxide + H2
does alcohol react with NaOH - what is formed
Alcohol DOES NOT react with NaOH
does alcohol react with Na2CO3 - what is formed
Alcohol DOES NOT react with Na2CO3
define aliphatic
containing no benzene rings
define aromatic
containing at least one benzene ring
define unsaturated
containing one or more C=C bonds
define saturated
containing only C-C bonds (no C=C bonds)
define radical
a very reactive species with an unpaired electron
define empirical formula
smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
define molecular formula
true number of atoms in a molecule
