Organic Reaction Pathways Flashcards
Alkane -> Haloalkane
Substitution
X2 (in presence of UV)
- produces Hx
Haloalkane -> Alcohol
Substitution
OH OR H2O (catalyst)
- produces x or Hx
Alkene -> Alkane
Hydrogenation
H2 (metal catalyst)
Haloalkane -> Amine
NH3
- produces Hx
Alkene -> Haloalkane (or dihaloalkane)
Halogenation
Hx OR X2 [forms dihaloalkane)
Alkene -> Alcohol
Hydration
H2O - steam and H3PO4 (catalyst AND 300C)
Alcohol -> Alkene
conc. H2SO4 OR conc. H3PO4
- produces H2O
Alkene -> Polyalkene
Addition Polymerisation
catalyst OR high temp
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid -> Ester
Esterification
conc. H2SO4
- produces H2O
Ester -> Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol
Hydrolysis
H2O (heat OR alkali catalyst)
Amine + Carboxylic Acid -> Ammonium Salt
Acid-base
Ammonium salt -> Amide
Identify whether a 1O or 2O amide
- produces H2O
Thus, 2O amide
Carboxylic acid -> Amide
Identify whether a 1O or 2O amide
NH3
- produces H2O
Thus, 1O amide
Alcohol -> Aldehyde
Identify whether a 1O or 2O alcohol
Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/Cr2O7 -2
Thus, 1O alcohol
State what must occur to yield aldehyde
Must be distilled to prevent further ox.
Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid
Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/CrO7 2-
Alcohol -> Ketone
Identify whether a 1O or 2O alcohol
Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/CrO7 2-
Thus, 2O alcohol
State what Cr2O7 2- always oxidises to
Cr3+
State what MnO4- always oxidises to
Mn2+
State whether or not alkene decolorises in the presence of Br2
Yes
State whether or not alkane decolorises in the presence of Br2
No
State the colour change of primary/secondary alcohols in the presence of Cr2O7 2-
Orange -> Green
State the colour change of tertiary alcohols in the presence of Cr2O7 2-
Orange -> Orange
State the colour change of primary/secondary alcohols in the presence of MnO4-
Purple -> Colourless
State the colour change of tertiary alcohols in the presence of MnO4-
Purple -> Purple
State whether the carboxylic acid or alcohol composing an ester gives the -yl name
Alcohol
State whether the carboxylic acid or alcohol composing an ester gives the -oate name
Carboxylic acid
State the functional group of a carboxylic acid
COOH
State the functional group of an ester
COO
State the functional group of an alcohol
OH
State the functional group of an aldehyde
COH
State the functional group of a amide
CONH2
State the functional group of an amine
NH2
State the functional group of a ketone
CO
List the priority naming order of organic compounds
Carboxylic acid Ester Amide Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol Amine
Compare and contrast primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols
Primary connected to carbon with one C-C
Secondary connected to carbon with two C-C
Tertiary connected to carbon with three C-C
State the priority applied to alkynes/alkenes/alkanes/haloalkanes
Lowest no (no priority)
What need to be checked for when naming alkenes?
Cis- and trans- isomers
State the key part of optical isomers
Chiral carbon (four different functional groups)
State the key part of geometric isomers
C=C which restricts rotation
Compare and contrast chain and positional isomers
Chain isomers - shift in branching
Positional isomers - shift in double bond/functional group position
What answer should be looked for when an Amine + Carboxylic Acid -> Ammonium Salt reaction occurs?
Product with greatest solubility
