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C12 > Organic Reaction Pathways > Flashcards

Organic Reaction Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane -> Haloalkane

A

Substitution
X2 (in presence of UV)
- produces Hx

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2
Q

Haloalkane -> Alcohol

A

Substitution
OH OR H2O (catalyst)
- produces x or Hx

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3
Q

Alkene -> Alkane

A

Hydrogenation

H2 (metal catalyst)

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4
Q

Haloalkane -> Amine

A

NH3

- produces Hx

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5
Q

Alkene -> Haloalkane (or dihaloalkane)

A

Halogenation

Hx OR X2 [forms dihaloalkane)

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6
Q

Alkene -> Alcohol

A

Hydration

H2O - steam and H3PO4 (catalyst AND 300C)

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7
Q

Alcohol -> Alkene

A

conc. H2SO4 OR conc. H3PO4

- produces H2O

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8
Q

Alkene -> Polyalkene

A

Addition Polymerisation

catalyst OR high temp

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9
Q

Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid -> Ester

A

Esterification

conc. H2SO4
- produces H2O

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10
Q

Ester -> Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol

A

Hydrolysis

H2O (heat OR alkali catalyst)

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11
Q

Amine + Carboxylic Acid -> Ammonium Salt

A

Acid-base

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12
Q

Ammonium salt -> Amide

Identify whether a 1O or 2O amide

A
  • produces H2O

Thus, 2O amide

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13
Q

Carboxylic acid -> Amide

Identify whether a 1O or 2O amide

A

NH3
- produces H2O
Thus, 1O amide

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14
Q

Alcohol -> Aldehyde

Identify whether a 1O or 2O alcohol

A

Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/Cr2O7 -2
Thus, 1O alcohol

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15
Q

State what must occur to yield aldehyde

A

Must be distilled to prevent further ox.

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16
Q

Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid

A

Oxidation

H+/MnO4- OR H+/CrO7 2-

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17
Q

Alcohol -> Ketone

Identify whether a 1O or 2O alcohol

A

Oxidation
H+/MnO4- OR H+/CrO7 2-
Thus, 2O alcohol

18
Q

State what Cr2O7 2- always oxidises to

A

Cr3+

19
Q

State what MnO4- always oxidises to

A

Mn2+

20
Q

State whether or not alkene decolorises in the presence of Br2

A

Yes

21
Q

State whether or not alkane decolorises in the presence of Br2

A

No

22
Q

State the colour change of primary/secondary alcohols in the presence of Cr2O7 2-

A

Orange -> Green

23
Q

State the colour change of tertiary alcohols in the presence of Cr2O7 2-

A

Orange -> Orange

24
Q

State the colour change of primary/secondary alcohols in the presence of MnO4-

A

Purple -> Colourless

25
Q

State the colour change of tertiary alcohols in the presence of MnO4-

A

Purple -> Purple

26
Q

State whether the carboxylic acid or alcohol composing an ester gives the -yl name

A

Alcohol

27
Q

State whether the carboxylic acid or alcohol composing an ester gives the -oate name

A

Carboxylic acid

28
Q

State the functional group of a carboxylic acid

A

COOH

29
Q

State the functional group of an ester

A

COO

30
Q

State the functional group of an alcohol

A

OH

31
Q

State the functional group of an aldehyde

A

COH

32
Q

State the functional group of a amide

A

CONH2

33
Q

State the functional group of an amine

A

NH2

34
Q

State the functional group of a ketone

A

CO

35
Q

List the priority naming order of organic compounds

A 
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Amine
36
Q

Compare and contrast primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols

A

Primary connected to carbon with one C-C
Secondary connected to carbon with two C-C
Tertiary connected to carbon with three C-C

37
Q

State the priority applied to alkynes/alkenes/alkanes/haloalkanes

A

Lowest no (no priority)

38
Q

What need to be checked for when naming alkenes?

A

Cis- and trans- isomers

39
Q

State the key part of optical isomers

A

Chiral carbon (four different functional groups)

40
Q

State the key part of geometric isomers

A

C=C which restricts rotation

41
Q

Compare and contrast chain and positional isomers

A

Chain isomers - shift in branching

Positional isomers - shift in double bond/functional group position

42
Q

What answer should be looked for when an Amine + Carboxylic Acid -> Ammonium Salt reaction occurs?

A

Product with greatest solubility

C12 (7 decks)

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