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Chemistry > Organic Pathways > Flashcards

Organic Pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkane into a haloalkane.

A
  • free radical substitution
  • halogen e.g. Cl2, Br2
  • UV light
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2
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a haloalkane into an amine.

A
  • nucleophillic substitution

- NH3 (in excess)

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3
Q

State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an amine into an amide.

A
  • nucleophillic addition elimination

- acyl chloride or acid anhydride

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4
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a haloalkane into a nitrile.

A
  • nucleophillic substitution
  • KCN
  • hot ethanolic conditions
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5
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a nitrile into an amine.

A
  • electrophillic addition (hydrogenation)
  • H2
  • Ni catalyst
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6
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkene into an alkane.

A
  • electrophillic addition
  • H2
  • hot (150*) & Ni catalyst
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7
Q

State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an alkene into a haloalkane.

A
  • electrophillic addition

- HBr

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8
Q

State the reagent required to turn a haloalkane into an alkene.

A
  • NaOH
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9
Q

State the mechanism & reagent required to turn a haloalkane into an alcohol.

A
  • nucleophillic substitution

- NaOH

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10
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkene into an alcohol.

A
  • electrophillic addition
  • H2SO4
  • warm & dilute
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11
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into an alkene.

A
  • elimination
  • Conc. H2SO4
  • heat
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12
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into an aldehyde.

A
  • oxidation
  • acidified potassium dichromate VI
  • distill
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13
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into a carboxylic acid

A
  • oxidation
  • 2 acidified potassium dichromate VI
  • reflux
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14
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn carboxylic acid into an aldehyde/ alcohol.

A
  • NaBH4
  • reduction
  • nucleophillic addition
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15
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an aldehyde into an alcohol.

A
  • NaBH4
  • Nucleophillic addition
  • reduction
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16
Q

State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an alcohol into a ketone

A
  • oxidation

- acidified potassium dichromate VI

17
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a ketone into an alcohol.

A
  • nucleophillic addition
  • NaBH4
  • reduction
18
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a ketone into a 2-hydroxynitrile.

A
  • nucleophillic addition
  • KCN
  • acidic conditions ie. H2SO4
19
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an aldehyde into a 2- hydroxynitrile

A
  • nucleophillic addition
  • KCN
  • acidic conditions ie. H2SO4
20
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkene into an alkyl hydrogensulphate.

A
  • electrophillic addition
  • conc H2SO4
  • can be in cold
21
Q

State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an alkyl hydrogensulphate into an alcohol.

A
  • nucleophillic substitution

- boil in water

22
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a carboxylic acid into an ester.

A
  • esterification & condensation reaction
  • alcohol
  • H2SO4 & heat
23
Q

State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into an ester.

A
  • carboxylic acid
  • H2SO4 & heat
    OR
  • acyl chloride
    OR
  • acid anhydride

Chemistry (11 decks)

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