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3/4 Chemistry > Organic Pathways > Flashcards

Organic Pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

Alkene general formula

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

Alkyne general formula

A

CnH2n-2

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4
Q

What is a unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Hydrocarbon with at least one carbon carbon (double or triple) bond

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5
Q

Haloalkane functional group

A

C-X

(where X is Br,I,Cl,F)

Fluro, Bromo, Iodo, chloro

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6
Q

Amine functional group

A

R-NH2 (single bonds)
-amine

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7
Q

Amide functional group

A

C=ONH2
-amide

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8
Q

Alcohol functional group

A

OH
-ol

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9
Q

Aldehyde functional group

A

C=O (on a terminal carbon)

FOR SEMI STRUCTURAL SHOW THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP AS CHO RATHER THAN COH

-anal

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10
Q

Ketone functional group

A

C=O (on a carbon within the carbon chain)

-one

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11
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group

A

C=OOH

-oic acid

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12
Q

Ester functional group

A

C=OO

yl (alcohol stem) oate (carboxylic acid stem)-carbon with double bond to oxygen

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13
Q

Functional group priority

A

carboxylic acid
ester
amide
aldehyde
ketone
alcohol
amine
alkene
alkyne
alkane

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14
Q

prefix for carboxylic acid

A

carboxy-

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15
Q

prefix for aldehyde

A

formyl-

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16
Q

prefix for ketone

A

oxo-

17
Q

prefix for alcohol

A

hydroxy-

18
Q

prefix for amine

A

amino-

19
Q

Alkane + X (Cl2,Br2,F2,I2) –>

A

Alkane + X –> Haloalkane + H-X (Br,Cl,I,F)
reagents: UV light

20
Q

Haloalkane –> Alcohol

A

Haloalkane + NaOH/KOH –> Alcohol + NaX/KX

21
Q

Haloalkane –> Amine

A

Haloalkane –> amine + H-X

reagents: (NH3 and ethanol solution)

22
Q

Primary alcohol oxidation –>

A

Partial oxidation –> aldehyde
Complete oxidation –> carboxylic acid

reagents: MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O72-/H+

23
Q

Secondary alcohol oxidation –>

A

Secondary alcohol –> Ketone

reagents: Cr2O72-/H+ or MnO4-/H+

24
Q

Esters are produced by — reactions

A

esterification / condensation reaction

25
Q

–> ester

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol –> ester + WATER

reagents: conc. H2SO4

26
Q

What undergoes addition reactions

A

alkenes

27
Q

what undergoes substitution reactions

A

alkanes

28
Q

Hydrolysis of ester–>

A

ester + H2O –> alcohol + carboxylic acid

reagent: H+

29
Q

Hydrogenation of alkenes –>

A

alkene + H2 –> alkane

reagents: Ni catalyst and 150 degrees

30
Q

Hydrohalogenation of alkenes –>

A

alkene + H-X (Br,I,F,Cl) –> Haloalkane

reagents : SLC or room temp

31
Q

Halogenation of alkenes –>

A

alkene + X-X (Br2,I2,Cl2,F2) –> di-haloalkane

32
Q

Alkene –> alcohol

A

alkene + H2O –> alcohol (hydration of alkene)

reagents: phosphoric acid catalyst, 300 degrees

33
Q
A
34
Q
A

3/4 Chemistry (1 decks)

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