Organic Molecules Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
Molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon
Give me an example of a alkane?
Propane, it has 3 Carbons and 8 Hydrogens. Alkanes end in -ane
Give me an example of an alkene?
Propene, it has 3 Carbons and 6 Hydrogens. It has the functional group of C=C double bond. The ending -ene means it’s an alkene.
Give me an example of an alcohol?
Propanol has 3 Carbons, 7 Hydrogens and 1 OH group. The functional group of alcohols is the OH bonded to one of the carbons. Alcohols all end in -ol.
Give me an example of a carboxylic acid?
Propanoic acid has 2 carbons, 5 Hydrogens and a COOH group. The functional group is COOH end. Carboxylic acids end with -oic.
Give me an example of an ester?
Methyl Propanoate has 3 carbons, 8 hydrogens and a COO group. Esters have a functional group of -COO- in the middle of the chain. Because they have carbon ‘chains’ they get two parts to the name. Endings in esters are -yl-anoate.
What is 1-chloropropane?
1-chloropropane, is a halogenoalkane or haloalkane (both are
valid names for these). Now we have a ‘prefix’ denoting the
functional group, not an ending or ‘suffix’. Again, the number shows
the location of the chlorine. Haloalkanes can include any halogen:
that chlorine could instead be an F, Br or I and it would still count,
just have a different name. The shorthand for ‘any halogen’ in
organic is ‘X’, so we can say the functional group is -X.
What is propanal?
Propanal, is an aldehyde (spot the linguistic link: that ‘al’ bit).
This one gets an ending again. It looks a little like a carboxylic acid,
and in fact aldehydes can be converted into carboxylic acids by
oxidation – you’ll learn about this later.
The functional group here is written as -CHO to differentiate it from
an alcohol where we would write OH.
What is propanone?
Propanone, is a ketone. These are similar to aldehydes, as they
both have C=O, but in ketones that group appears in the middle of the
chain instead of at the end.
This functional group is written as -CO-.
What is propanenitrile?
Propanenitrile, is a nitrile. You’ll notice that the name looks a
bit weird. Naming rules, which you will learn, dictates that if the
suffix (ending) starts with a vowel, you remove any vowel from the
first part (which is why we say ‘propanol’ not ‘propaneol’) but if the
suffix starts with a consonant, you leave any ending vowel. Hence,
instead of ‘propannitrile’ we say ‘propanenitrile’.
The functional group is the C=N.
That is propan-1-amine?
Propan-1-amine or propylamine (don’t worry about the
nuance here yet), is an amine. The functional group is -NH2.
Alkane:
What is the functional group?
What is the suffix?
what is an example name?
C-C
-ane
ethane
Alkene:
What is its functional group?
What is it’s suffix?
What is an example?
C=C
-ene
ethene
Alcohol:
What is it’s functional group?
What is its suffix and prefix?
What is an example?
R-O-H
suffix: -ol
prefix: hydroxy-
ethanol
Carboxylic acid:
What is its functional group?
What is its suffix?
What is an example?
R-C=O
-O-H
-oic acid
ethanoic acid
