Organic Marcomolecules Vocab

Question 1

Fatty acid

Answer 1

An organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats and oils

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

A chemical reaction between water and another substance forms two or more new substances. When water is added to break apart polymers

Question 3

Marcomolecules

Answer 3

A very large organic molecule, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms

Question 4

Nucleotide

Answer 4

In a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base

Question 5

Monomer

Answer 5

A simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer

Question 6

Protein

Answer 6

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

Question 7

Peptide bonds

Answer 7

The chemical bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

Question 8

Polymer

Answer 8

A large molecule is formed by more than five monomers, or small units

Question 9

Wax

Answer 9

A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain. Used as an outer covering to provide a water-tight barrier

Question 10

Steroid

Answer 10

A type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action. Used to build muscle

Question 11

Organic Compound

Answer 11

A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

Question 12

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 12

An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

A large nonpolar organic molecule, that includes fats, steroids, and waxes

Question 14

Functional Group

Answer 14

The portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds

Question 15

Polysaccharides

Answer 15

One of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars. Include starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 16

Ribonucleic Acid-RNA

Answer 16

A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. Contains the sugar ribose.

Question 17

Deoxyribonucleic Acid-DNA

Answer 17

The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics

Question 18

Amino Acid

Answer 18

An organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins

Question 19

Monosaccharides

Answer 19

A simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate

Question 20

Nucleic Acid

Answer 20

An organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information

Question 21

Condensation Reaction

Answer 21

A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule. When water is removed to join monomers and/or polymers.

Question 22

Phospholipids

Answer 22

A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes

Question 23

Carbohydrate

Answer 23

Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides energy to the cells of living things. Usually in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 24

Polypeptide

Answer 24

A long chain of several amino acid