Organic - Introduction Flashcards
What is empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
What is molecular formula?
The actual number of a toms of different elements in a molecule
What is the displayed formula?
It shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
What is the structural formula?
Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
What is the skeletal formula?
It shows the simplified organic formula, drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom.
What is the prefix for a CH3 group?
Methyl
What is the prefix for a C2H5 group?
Ethyl
What is the prefix for a C3H7 group?
Propyl
What is the prefix for a C4H9 group?
Butyl
What is the prefix for a CI group?
Chloro
What is the prefix for a Br group?
Bromo
What is the prefix for a I group?
Iodo
What is a homologous series?
‘Families’ of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula
What are the homologous series?
- Alkenes
- alcohols
- haloalkanes
- aldehydes
- ketones
- carboxylic acids
- nitriles
- amines
What are unsaturated molecules?
Molecules that contain a C=C double bond
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties
What are the general rules for naming carbon chains?
1- count the longest carbon chain
2- find any branched chains and count now many carbons they contain
3-add the appropriate prefix for each branched chain
What are structural isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structure
How can structural isomerism arise?
From chain isomerism, position isomerism and functional group isomerism
What are chain isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton
What are position isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional groups on same carbon skeleton
What are functional group isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups
What is stereoisomerism?
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulas but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
Examples of stereoisomerism?
Geometric isomers and optical isomers
