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chemistry a-level > Organic - Introduction > Flashcards

Organic - Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

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2
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

The actual number of a toms of different elements in a molecule

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3
Q

What is the displayed formula?

A

It shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

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4
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

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5
Q

What is the skeletal formula?

A

It shows the simplified organic formula, drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom.

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6
Q

What is the prefix for a CH3 group?

A

Methyl

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7
Q

What is the prefix for a C2H5 group?

A

Ethyl

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8
Q

What is the prefix for a C3H7 group?

A

Propyl

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9
Q

What is the prefix for a C4H9 group?

A

Butyl

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10
Q

What is the prefix for a CI group?

A

Chloro

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11
Q

What is the prefix for a Br group?

A

Bromo

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12
Q

What is the prefix for a I group?

A

Iodo

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13
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

‘Families’ of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula

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14
Q

What are the homologous series?

A
  • Alkenes
  • alcohols
  • haloalkanes
  • aldehydes
  • ketones
  • carboxylic acids
  • nitriles
  • amines
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15
Q

What are unsaturated molecules?

A

Molecules that contain a C=C double bond

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16
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

17
Q

What are the general rules for naming carbon chains?

A

1- count the longest carbon chain
2- find any branched chains and count now many carbons they contain
3-add the appropriate prefix for each branched chain

18
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structure

19
Q

How can structural isomerism arise?

A

From chain isomerism, position isomerism and functional group isomerism

20
Q

What are chain isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton

21
Q

What are position isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional groups on same carbon skeleton

22
Q

What are functional group isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups

23
Q

What is stereoisomerism?

A

Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulas but a different spatial arrangement of atoms

24
Q

Examples of stereoisomerism?

A

Geometric isomers and optical isomers

chemistry a-level (9 decks)

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