ORGANIC - INTRO Flashcards
Define empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Define molecular formula
True number of atoms of each element in a compound
Define general formula
All members of a homologous organic series follow the general formula
Define structural formula
Shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule
Define displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound
Define skeletal formula
Shows only the bonds and any non carbon atoms
Vertices are carbon atoms
Hydrogen is assumed to be bonded to them unless said otherwise
Describe cyclic alkanes
General formula: CnH2n
Carbon atoms are arranged in a closed ring shape
Describe halogenoalkanes
Have halogens attached to the hydrogencarbon chain
use prefixes : -fluoro, -chloro, -bromo, -iodo
Describe alcohols
OH group
e.g. butan- 2 -ol
Describe aldehydes
end in -al
functional group : double bond O and H
Describe ketones
functional group : c double bond O + R R
Prefix -oxo
When ketone has 5C’s or more it needs a number to show the position of the functional group
What is an isomer
Molecule with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule
Structural isomerism
Different structural arrangement of atoms but the same molecular formula
Position isomers
Functional group of molecule in a different position of the carbon chain. (diagram on notes)
Functional group isomers
Different arrangement of the same molecular formula so that the molecule has a different functional group. (diagram on notes)
