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Organic Functional Groups > Organic Functional Groups > Flashcards

Organic Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes

A

Contain only single-carbon bonds. Considered to be saturated with H.
General Formula: CnH2n+2.
Examples: Methane, Ethane, Propane (-ane).
Generally not reactive.
Can be formed by the hydrogenation of Alkenes or in the Wolff-Kishner Reduction of Aldehydes/ketones

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2
Q

Contain only single-carbon bonds. Considered to be saturated with H.
General Formula: CnH2n+2.
Examples: Methane, Ethane, Propane (-ane).
Generally not reactive.
Can be formed by the hydrogenation of Alkenes or in the Wolff-Kishner Reduction of Aldehydes/ketones

A

Alkanes

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3
Q

Alkenes

A

Have at least on double carbon bond.
General Formula: CnH2n. End in -ene.
AKA Olefins.
Much more reactive than Alkanes. Formed in elimination reaction of alcohols or alkyl halides.
Formed form aldehydes and ketones in the wittig reaction.

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4
Q

Have at least on double carbon bond.
General Formula: CnH2n. End in -ene.
AKA Olefins.
Much more reactive than Alkanes. Formed in elimination reaction of alcohols or alkyl halides.
Formed form aldehydes and ketones in the wittig reaction.

A

Alkenes

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5
Q

Alkynes

A

Have a triple carbon bond. End in -yne.
General formula: CnH2n-2
Can be hydrogenated to form alkenes. Formed from aldehydes in they Corey-Fuchs reaction

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6
Q

Have a triple carbon bond. End in -yne.
General formula: CnH2n-2
Can be hydrogenated to form alkenes. Formed from aldehydes in they Corey-Fuchs reaction

A

Alkynes

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7
Q

Alcohols

A

Contain an O atom bonded to H (hydroxl).
End in -ol, like methanol, ethanol, etc.
Participate in many reactions: oxidized into carboxylic acids and ketones, dehydrated to form alkenes.

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8
Q

Contain an O atom bonded to H (hydroxl).
End in -ol, like methanol, ethanol, etc.
Participate in many reactions: oxidized into carboxylic acids and ketones, dehydrated to form alkenes.

A

Alcohols

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9
Q

Carbonyl Compunds

A

A Carbonyl function group consists of a C double bonded to an O, Present in Aldehydes and Ketones.

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10
Q

A Carbonyl function group consists of a C double bonded to an O, Present in Aldehydes and Ketones.

A

Carbonyl Compunds

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11
Q

Aldehydes

A

Have a “terminal” carbonyl group, meaning the carbonyl is at the end of a carbon chain.
Simplest: formaldehyde(H2CO). Others end in -al.
Form tertiary alcohols when reacted with the Grignard reagent.
Form a silver mirror when reacted with the Tollens reagent.

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12
Q

Have a “terminal” carbonyl group, meaning the carbonyl is at the end of a carbon chain.
Simplest: formaldehyde(H2CO). Others end in -al.
Form tertiary alcohols when reacted with the Grignard reagent.
Form a silver mirror when reacted with the Tollens reagent.

A

Aldehydes

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13
Q

Ketones

A

Have a non-terminal carbonyl group.
Simplest Ketone is Acetone (CH3)2CO.
Ketones don’t react with the Tollens reagent.
Can be formed by the oxidation of secondary alcohols.

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14
Q

Have a non-terminal carbonyl group.
Simplest Ketone is Acetone (CH3)2CO.
Ketones don’t react with the Tollens reagent.
Can be formed by the oxidation of secondary alcohols.

A

Ketones

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15
Q

Carboxylic Acids

A

C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH. Carboxyl group usually written -COOH.
Most are acidic (Acetic acid).
Simplest acid: formic acid, which is in ant venom.
Formed from aldehydes in the Cannizzaro reaction.

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16
Q

C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH. Carboxyl group usually written -COOH.
Most are acidic (Acetic acid).
Simplest acid: formic acid, which is in ant venom.
Formed from aldehydes in the Cannizzaro reaction.

A

Carboxylic Acids

17
Q

Esters

A

Contain a C double bonded to one O, and single bonded to another O. R-COO-R.
Smell fruity.
Commonly formed in the Fischer esterification, from treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol. Also used in the Claisen condensation.

18
Q

Contain a C double bonded to one O, and single bonded to another O. R-COO-R.
Smell fruity.
Commonly formed in the Fischer esterification, from treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol. Also used in the Claisen condensation.

A

Esters

19
Q

Esthers

A

Contain an O bonded to 2 C atoms. R-O-R.
Esthers originally used as anesthetics, particularly dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3).
Formed in the Williamson synthesis of alkyl halides and alcohols.

20
Q

Contain an O bonded to 2 C atoms. R-O-R.
Esthers originally used as anesthetics, particularly dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3).
Formed in the Williamson synthesis of alkyl halides and alcohols.

A

Esthers

21
Q

Amines

A

N containing functional group. Consist of N with a lone pair. (NH3 with at least one H replaced with a C).

22
Q

N containing functional group. Consist of N with a lone pair. (NH3 with at least one H replaced with a C).

A

Amines

23
Q

Amides

A

N containing functional group.

Consist of an N bonded to a Carbonyl. -NC=O

24
Q

N containing functional group.

Consist of an N bonded to a Carbonyl. -NC=O

A

Amides

25
Q

Nitriles

A

N containing functional group.

Consist of an N triple bonded to a C.

26
Q

N containing functional group.

Consist of an N triple bonded to a C.

A

Nitriles

27
Q

Phenyls

A 
Phenyl group (C6H5) essentially a benzene ring. Called aromatic compounds because they alternate between single and double bonds.
Phenyl containing compounds include Phenol (C6H5OH), toluene (C6H5CH3) and aniline (amine, C6H5NH2)

Organic Functional Groups (1 decks)

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