Organic Families

Question 1

What type of a hydrocarbon is an alkane?

Answer 1

A saturated hydrocarbon.

Question 2

What is an alkene?

Answer 2

A unsaturated hydrocarbon that has one or more C=C bonds.

Question 3

What is an alkyne?

Answer 3

An unsaturated hydrocarbon that has one or more CC triple bond.

Question 4

true or false: saturated hydrocarbons are more chemically reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Answer 4

False. Because of the presence of a double/triple bond, unsaturated hydrocarbons are more chemically reactive.

Question 5

Alcohols and ethers are ____ molecules substituted by an ____ group.

Answer 5

1. water

2. alkyl

Question 6

What is a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol?

Answer 6

Primary alcohol:

     H
      |
H—C —OH
       |
      CH3

Secondary alchol:
  CH3
      |
H—C —OH
       |
      CH3

Question 7

What is a polyalcohol?

Answer 7

Alcohols containing more than one OH (hydroxyl) group.

`

Question 8

What is an ether?

Answer 8

It is an alcohol, but there are two alkyl groups that are attached to an Oxygen atom.

R—O—R
R’—O—R’’

Question 9

In an ether, the OH bonds are replaced by ____ bonds. This means that they are (more/less) polar than hydrocarbons, and (can/cannot) form hydrogen bonds.

Answer 9

1. CO bonds
2. more polar
3. cannot

Question 10

How is a Ketone characterized?

Answer 10

A carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl groups.

  O

Question 11

How is a Ketone characterized?

Answer 11

A carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl groups.

  O
  ||  R—C—R

  O
  ||  R'—C—R"

Question 12

A ketone will appear in the (interior/end) of a carbon chain. An aldehyde will appear at the (interior/end) of a carbon chain.

Answer 12

1. interior

2. end

Question 13

How is an aldehyde characterized?

Answer 13

Carbonyl group bonded to at least one H atom, another H atom, or an alkyl group.

  O
  || R—C—H

 O
 || R—C—R

Question 14

What is a carboxylic acid?

Answer 14

Organic acid that has a carboxyl functional group.

   O
   ||   R—C—OH

Question 15

What is an ester?

Answer 15

An organic “salt” formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

 O
  || R—C—O—R'

Question 16

What is esterification?

Answer 16

A condensation reaction in which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol (that acts as a base) to form an ester and water.

Question 17

How can an amine be characterized?

Answer 17

An ammonia (NH3) with one, two, or all three of its hydrogens substituted by an alkyl group.

    H
     |
H—N—R

Question 18

What is a primary amine?

Answer 18

An amine who has only one of the hydrogens replaced by an alkyl group.

Question 19

NC and NH bonds of amines are (more/less) polar than that of CH bonds.

Answer 19

more

Question 20

NH bonds (will/wont) form hydrogen bonds with water.

Answer 20

will