Organic Disorders

Question 1

Disorders association with Tourette’s Disorder

Answer 1

ADHD (50%) and OCD (40%)

Question 2

Genetic associations with Alzheimer type neurocognitive disorder

Answer 2

• mutation chromosome 1 and 4
• chromosome 19 (apolipoprotein E)
• chromosome 21 (linked to Down Syndrome)

Question 3

What is the neurotransmitter involved in Alzheimer, how is it? why is it? Treatment options

Answer 3

• Ach ⬇️, because choline acetyl transferase⬇️
• “Don’t memorize, listen the galactic river information”:
  Donezepil, memantine, rivastigmine, galantamine

Question 4

What do you LOSS in neurocognitive disorder?

Answer 4

Cognitive abilities
Social functioning
Memory
Personality (change)

Question 5

What defines Tourette’s Syndrome? What is the Neurochemical changes and then treatment options?

Answer 5

Multiple Motor and/or Vocal tics
- Simple: rapid, repetitive contractions
- Complex: more ritualistic than purposeful
⬆️ Dopamine (Norepinephrine too) = Tx: Haloperidol, pimozide, Clonidine, Risperidone

Question 6

Main symptom of frontal/temporal disease (Pick’s disease)

Answer 6

• Prominent frontal lobe symptoms
  Personality change
  Impulsivity (desinhibited)

Question 7

Sequence neurological manifestations of Huntington chorea

Answer 7

Choreoathetoid movements ▶️ neurocognitive disorder (dementia) ▶️ Psychosis

Question 8

Main predisposing factor to vascular neurocognitive disorder to treat

Answer 8

Hypertension

Question 9

How does the HIV produce the HIV-related neurocognitive disorder?

Answer 9

Chronic myelitis and encephalitis

Question 10

Signs of HIV-related neurocognitive disorder, what is the earlier?

Answer 10

• Behavioral: dysphoric mood, apathy, social withdrawal, organic psychosis
• Cognitive: forgetfulness, 🔽 concentration, confusion
• Motor: 🔽 balance, leg weakness, poor handwriting

Question 11

Where is the lesion if you can not recall or learn proper names?

Answer 11

Rostal (front) left temporal lobe

Question 12

What aphasia allows to repeat statements? (Only one)

Answer 12

Transcortical

Question 13

What is Gerstman Syndrome?

Answer 13

Lesion of dominant parietal cortex lobe:

• Agraphia
• Acalculia
• Finger agnosia
• Right-left disorientation
• Learning disabilities

Question 14

What is Anton Syndrome?

Answer 14

Bilateral occlusion of posterior cerebral arteries:

• Cortical blindness
• Denial of blindness

Question 15

1. What happen if destruction of ventromedial hypothalamus? 2. And destruction of lateral hypothalamus?

Answer 15

1. Hyperphagia and obesity

2. Anorexia and starvation

Question 16

What is Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 16

Removing the amygdala

Question 17

What structure results in damage in korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 17

Neuronal damage in thalamus.

Once damaged, not treatable with thiamin

Question 18

What is Fahr Disease?

Answer 18

"It's a 30 CORRN in 50 houses"
Calfication
Onset at 30 
Rare hereditary disorder
Resembles negatives symptoms of schizophrenia 
Neurocognitive disorder at 50

Question 19

Role of the substance P in pain

Answer 19

Transmit pain sensation from the skin to spinal cord.

Target of opiates.

Question 20

Which is the most affected pathway in the brain by antipsychotics and movements disorders?

Answer 20

Nigrostriated pathway - major dopamine pathway

Extrapyramidal symptoms: tremors, rigid, bradykinesia, etc.

Question 21

How do you treat extra pyramidal symptoms as side effect of antipsychotics?

Answer 21

• Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, diphenhydramine: anticolinergic agents.

Question 22

Why does the Tardive dyskinesia present?

Answer 22

Super sensitivity of post synaptic dopamine receptor