ORGANIC DEFINITIONS

Question 1

Homologous series

Answer 1

Compounds which have
-The same general formula
-Similar chemical properties
-Show a gradation in physical properties
-And successive members differ by a CH2 unit

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Molecules which contain carbon and hydrogen only

Question 3

Saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Molecules which contain no C=C bonds

Question 4

Structural isomers

Answer 4

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 5

Homolytic fission

Answer 5

Bond breaking in which one of the shared electrons goes to each atom

Question 6

Free radical

Answer 6

A particle with an unpaired electron

Question 7

Substitution

Answer 7

Replacing one atom or group with a different atom or group

Question 8

Functional group

Answer 8

Reactive group within a compound ( C=C, OH, Cl etc)

Question 9

Unsaturated

Answer 9

Molecules which contain at least one C=C bond or C triple bond C

Question 10

Stereoisomers

Answer 10

Same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 11

Geometric isomers

Answer 11

Same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space due to presence of at least one C=C

Question 12

Sigma bond

Answer 12

A covalent bond formed by the linear overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 13

Pi bond

Answer 13

Covalent bond formed by sideways overlap of p orbitals

Question 14

Bond length

Answer 14

The distnace between the nuclei of two covalenty bonded atoms

Question 15

Hydrogenation

Answer 15

Addition of hydrogen molecule across C=C

Question 16

Monomers

Answer 16

Many small molecules which join together to form a polymer

Question 17

Polymer

Answer 17

A large moleculeformed when monomers join together

Question 18

Polymerisation

Answer 18

Joining togther of many small molecules to form a large molecule

Question 19

Primary carbocation

Answer 19

Acarbocation which has one carbon atom directly bonded to a positively charged carbon

Question 20

Electrophile

Answer 20

An ion or molecule that attacks regions of high electron density

Question 21

Primary halogenoalkane

Answer 21

A halogenoalkane that has one carbon bonded directly to the carbon that is bonded to the halogen

Question 22

Heterolytic fission

Answer 22

Bond breaking in which both electrons in the shared pair go to a single atom

Question 23

Nucleophile

Answer 23

An ion or molecule, with a lone pair of electrons, that attacks regions of low electron density

Question 24

Elimination

Answer 24

A reaction in which a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule

Question 25

Reflux

Answer 25

Repeated boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture

Question 26

Hydrolysis

Answer 26

Breaking up molcules by the reaction with water

Question 27

Primary alcohols

Answer 27

An alcohol which has one carbon bonded directly to the carbon that is bonded to the -OH group