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Psychiatry > Organic conditions > Flashcards

Organic conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology [3]

A

Acquired
Primary brain disorder
Secondary brain disorder

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2
Q

4 features of organic mental disorders

A

Cognitive impairment
Behavioural abnormalities
Mood changes
Psychotic features

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3
Q

3 subacute/acute organic mental disorders

A

Delirium
Organic mood disorder
Organic psychotic disorders

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4
Q

3 chronic organic mental disorders

A

Dementia
Amnesic syndrome
Organic personality change

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5
Q

Learning disability is defined as a condition of arrested development of the mind, skill impairment and contributing to overall level of intelligence - manifesting during developmental period. Criteria [3]

A

Intellectual impairment IQ < 70
Social adaptive dysfunction - deficits in 2 or more
Onset in developmental period - before 18 yo

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6
Q 
Etiology of learning disability
Genetic causes
Single gene disorder [3]
Microdeletion [3]
Chromosomal abnormality [1]
A

Single gene disorders:
Fragile x
PKU
Retts syndrome

Microdeletion:
Digeorge
Prader-wili
Angelman syndrome

Chromosomal abnormality: Down syndrome

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7
Q

Etiology of learning disability
Infective [3]
Toxic [1]
Trauma [2]

A

Infective - rubella, meningitis, encephalitis
Toxic - FAS
Trauma - birth asphyxia, head injury

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8
Q

4 D’s in memory impairment in cognitive impairment in dementia

Psychiatric sx of dementia

A

Dysphaxia
Dyspraxia
Dysnogsia
Dysexecutive functioning

Psychosis
Depression
Agitation, anxiety
Altered circadian rhythms
Diaschisis
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9
Q

Rx (dementia) [6]

A 
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Memantine
Antipsychotics- Neuroleptics
Antidepressants
Anxiolytics but falls risk
Anticonvulsants
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10
Q

Depression in elderly
Clinical features
Less [2]
More [4]

A

○ Less depressed mood, expressed suicidal wishes

More: insomnia, hypochondriasis, suicide, agitation

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11
Q 
Late onset schizophrenia like psychosis
Presenting age 
Clinical feature [1]
Causes [2]
Mx [3]
A 
Presenting age: 65 yo
Clinical features - persecutory delusions
Cause: sensory loss, social isolation
Mx: 
- Compulsory admission
- Neuroleptics
- Increased social contact
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12
Q

Side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors [3]

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea

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13
Q

Side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors [3]

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea

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14
Q

FTD features include behavioral disorders such as personality changes
Onset
Feature of early presentation

Speech disorder [3]

Neuropsychology features [1] and [2] that are preserved

Neurological signs [3]

A

Onset: early
Early presentation: emotional blunting

Speech disorder: altered output
stereotypy
echolalia

Neuropsychology [3]
Frontal dysexecutive syndrome
Preserved
- Memory 
- Visuospatial function

Neurological signs
Parkinsonism
MND
Incontinence

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15
Q

Define delirium [3]

A

Transient organic mental syndrome
of acute/subacute onset
characterized by global cognitive impairment

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16
Q

Describe presenting features of delirium [3]

other than those described under general organic mental disorders

A

Fluctuating levels of arousal
Disordered sleep and wake cycle
Diorganised thinking

17
Q

State the 6 aspects of cognitive impairment that can be affected in organic mental disorders

A 
Orientation in time person and place
Attention
Memory
Language
Judgment
Insight
18
Q

Cause of delirium can be many and multifactorial

A

D- Drugs, dehydration, detox, deficiencies, discomfort (pain)
E- Electrolytes, elimination abnormalities, environment
L- Lungs (hypoxia), liver, lack of sleep, long ED stay
I- Infection, iatrogenic events, infarction (cardiac, cerebral)
R- Restraints, restricted movement/mobility, renal failure
I- Injury, impaired sensory input, intoxication
U- UTI, unfamiliar environment
M- Metabolic abnormalities (glucose, thyroid), metastasis (brain), medications

19
Q

Name 5 medication that can cause delirium

Which is the commonest cause of delirium

A 
Steroids *
Opioids
BDZ
Carbamazepine
TCAs
20
Q

Dementia
Define [1]
Types [7]

A

A chronic syndrome characterised by global cognitive impairment

Types
AD
Vascular -stroke
LBD
FTD
Huntington's chorea
PD
Head injury
21
Q

Amnesic Syndrome
Describe how memory is affected [3]
Which types of memory are preserved [4]

A

Anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia with temporal gradient present
Episodic memory

Preserved:

  • Global intellectual abilities
  • Registration
  • Working memory
  • Procedural memory
22
Q

State 6 examples of hippocampal damage causing dementia

A 
HSV encephalitis
Anoxia
Surgical removal of temporal lobes
Bilateral posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Closed head injury
Early AD
23
Q

State 4 examples of diencephalic damage causing dementia

A

Korsakoff’s syndrome
Third ventricle tumours/cysts
Bilateral thalamic infarction
Post SAH

Psychiatry (8 decks)

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