Organic compounds (P2C5) Flashcards
What is the process to renewably produce the alcohol ethanol?
We can produce ethanol by the fermentation of sugar.
Describe the process of fermentation.
Fermentation requires glucose dissolved in water and mixed with yeast. The yeast respires and gradually produces ethanol, provided the temperature is between 25 and 35 degrees Celsius.
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
The functional group of an alcohol is –OH.
What is the key similarity between all compounds with a common functional group, and what would a group with the same functional group be called?
Compounds that share a functional group are a homologous group and will all react similarly.
What do alcohols form when dissolved in water?
When dissolved in water, alcohols form neutral solutions (pH 7).
What is produced when an alcohol is reacted with sodium?
When an alcohol reacts with sodium, hydrogen is produced.
Do alcohols burn in air?
Alcohols burn in air to produce carbon dioxide and water.
What are alcohols used for?
Fuels and solvents.
How can alcohols be oxidised to carboxylic acids?
Alcohols can be oxidised using chemical oxidising agents or the action of bacteria.
What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
The functional group of a carboxylic acid is –COOH
What do carboxylic acids form when dissolved in water?
When dissolved in water, carboxylic acids form acidic solutions (pH <7)
What is produced when a carboxylic acid is reacted with carbonates?
When a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate, carbon dioxide is produced.
What is formed when carboxylic acids react with alcohols?
When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol, an ester is formed.
What is the functional group for esters?
–COO
Are esters volatile?
Yes, esters are volatile.
