Organic compounds and analysis

Question 1

Functional group priority

Answer 1

1. Carboxylic acid
2. Ester
3. Primary amide
4. Aldehyde
5. Ketone
6. Alcohol
7. Amine
8. Alkene
9. Alkyne
10. Alkane
11. Haloalkane

Question 2

Flashpoint

Answer 2

lowest temp at which the vapours of a liquid will ignite in the presence of oxygen and an ignition source

Question 3

Viscosity

Answer 3

measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid, and it is affected by intermolecular forces and the shapes of the molecules

Question 4

alkene ->alkane

Answer 4

h2 and Ni catalyst

Question 5

alkene -> dichloroalkane

Answer 5

Cl2/AlCl3

Question 6

alkene-> chloroalkane

Answer 6

HCl/AlCl3

Question 7

alkene->alcohol

Answer 7

H2O/H3PO4

Question 8

alkene-> bromoalkane

Answer 8

HBr/AlCl3

Question 9

partial ox. primary alcohol->

Answer 9

aldehyde (Cr2O72-/H+)

Question 10

full oxidation of primary alc ->

Answer 10

carboxylic acid (Cr2O72-/H+)

Question 11

oxidation of secondary alc

Answer 11

ketone (Cr2O72-/H+)

Question 12

To make ester

Answer 12

primary alc + carb acid (conc H2SO4) produces ester and water

Question 13

To make amide

Answer 13

primary amine and carb acid, produces amide and water

Question 14

IR spec

Answer 14

infrared waves, vibrations of bonds in molecules makes the bonds bend and stretch, gives information about covalent bonds and functional groups present in organic molecule

Question 15

IR uses

Answer 15

Identification of organic compounds, design of new drugs in medicine, analysis of proteins, determination of extent of polymerisation in polymers, Brunswick identification of oils, fibres, paint flakes, hair samples, checking the quality of one samples, tea leaves and other consumer products that have a smell, testing for blood alcohol

Question 16

IR features

Answer 16

Expensive, but simple infrared spectrometers are available at a lower cost, instrument operates in the IR region of electro magnetic spectrum, fast once sample is prepared, gases, liquids and solids can be used, absorption spectrometry, qualitative, some quantitative. The greater the concentration the less the transmittance, spectrum is a plot of transmittance against wave number

Question 17

Mass spectrometer

Answer 17

instrument in mass spectrometry that ionisers, deflects and detects an Adam or molecule so that its mass to charge ratio can be measured.

Question 18

NMR

Answer 18

Operates in the radiowave region of electromagnetic spectrum, a form of absorbent spectrometry, very fast but very expensive and hazardous because of the very strong magnetic field used, qualitative only, comes into forms low and high resolution, nuclear spin

Question 19

Chromatography

Answer 19

I attraction of the Sample to the stationary phase is key to how the sample separates into its components. This force of attraction involves a process where the sample undergoes absorption to the stationary phase. The solubility of a sample in the mobile phase is also a key factor in the separation process. The ability of the mobile phase to resolve the Sample through and attractive force involves differing levels of solubility, in this process the Sample moves away from the stationary phase in a process known as desorption into the mobile phase

Question 20

Haloalkane-> alcohol

Answer 20

KOH