Organic Compounds Flashcards
What are Isomers
- Compounds with the same Molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
- Carbon can have multiple Isomers due to its preferential bonding
- leads to different physical and chemical properties
Types of Structural Isomerisms
- Chain
- Position
- Functional
Chain Isomer
- different arrangement of carbons “Skeleton”… Carbons branch off each others, instead of straight line
- same formula different name to reflect change
Butane vs 2-Methyl Propane
Position Isomer
-the same Functional group changes position within a molecule
(moving the double bond of carbons to the front of molecule instead of the center)
-Same formula, name changes to reflect the position change of functional group.
BUT-2-ENE vs BUT-1-ENE
What is a Functional Group?
- organization of organic chemistry
- creates classes for atom combinations (12) to separate them from one another
- Different molecules in same class have similar physical and chemical properties
Nomenclature
- how to name an organic compound
- IUPAC 6 steps
Alkenes
-
Alkynes
-
Ketones
-
Oic Acid
-
Locants
-
Functional Isomer
-new Functional group is created by the new arrangement of atoms
(Breaking of a double bond to creat a ring structure)
-Same formula, name changes to reflect new functional group
BUT-2-ENE vs Cyclobutane
Type Stereoisomerism
- Geometric
* Optical
Geometric Isomer
- seen in Alkenes
- 2 different substituents attached to a double bonded carbon
- restricted rotation, non-superimposable isomer
…….
Optical Isomer
Mirror images of same molecules
…….
