Organic Compounds Flashcards
What is an alkane molecule?
A molecule which contains a single bond between two carbon atoms.
What is an alkene molecule?
A molecule which contains a double bond between two carbon atoms.
What is an alkyne molecule?
A molecule which contains a triple bond between two carbon atoms.
How do you name alkanes?
Find the prefix by finding the longest carbon chain in the alkane molecule - Then add the suffix “-ane”.
What is the prefix for a chain of 1 carbon?
Meth-
What is the prefix for a chain of 2 carbons?
Eth-
What is the prefix for a chain of 3 carbons?
Prop-
What is the prefix for a chain of 4 carbons?
But-
What is the prefix for a chain of 5 carbons?
Pent-
What is the prefix for a chain of 6 carbons?
Hex-
What is the prefix for a chain of 7 carbons?
Hept-
What is the prefix for a chain of 8 carbons?
Oct-
What is the prefix for a chain of 9 carbons?
Non-
What is the prefix for a chain of 10 carbons?
Dec-
How do you name an alkene molecule?
Find the longest chain of carbons to determine the prefix - Add the suffix “-ene” - Insert the position of the double both between the prefix and the suffix (Eth-1-ene)
How do you name an alkyne molecule?
Find the longest chain of carbons to determine the prefix - Add the suffix “-yne” - Insert the position of the triple bond between the prefix and the suffix. (Hex-3-ene)
How do you name side groups?
The number of carbons determines the prefix, the suffix will always be “-yl”. Name its position at the front of the molecule and place the name of the side group at the front of the molecules name.
What does the term “Saturated” refer to?
A substance in which the atoms are linked by single bonds. A fully saturated compound will contain no double or triple bonds.
What does the term “Unsaturated” refer to
A substance in which contains double and triple bonds between the atoms.
What are Haloalkanes?
Similar to alkanes, haloalkanes have halogen atoms on its chain. These halogen atoms are the following: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), and Iodine (I).
How would you name a Haloalkane?
The halogens location goes before the prefix. The prefix is determined by the halogen atom (F = Fluoro), The identification for the longest chain will go in the middle (Pent-) and the suffix will be -ane.
If you have different halogen atoms in a compound, what’s the order you would name the halogens in?
In alphabetical order. For example, 7-Bromo-4-Chloro.
If you have multiple of the same halogen atoms in a compound, what’s the order you would name these halogens in?
You would name them in carbon number order eg 1,2,3. And depending on the number of halogens add Di or Tri ect before the halogen name.
What is the functional group of an alcohol molecule?
A hydroxyl group (-OH)
