Organic compounds Flashcards
what is the most common polyester?
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
sketch Terephthalic acid
[It’s a cyclic group with two carboxylic acid groups, one on each side].
What is Maleic Acid?
Maleic acid is a dicarboxylic acid: a molecule with two carboxyl groups. the chemical formula is HO2CCH=CHCO2H.
Maleic acid is a solid white powder, but is usually used in it’s molten form. It melts at 135 C, and is soluble in water. Maleic acid is the cis isomer. The trans isomer is butenedioic acid. maleic acid has a much lower boiling point and is more soluble in water than butenedioic acid due to the lower hydrogen bonding related to the geometry of the two molecules: butenedioic acid is linea, but maleic acid is more ring-like, giving higher intermolecular distances.
What is an acrylate?
An acrylate is a vinyl ester. it has the vinyl group and also the carboxylic acid with the ‘OH’ replaced by O-alkyl.
what is acrylic acid
an unsaturated carboxylic acid. a vinyl-carboxylic acid:
describe the difference between benzene, toluene and xylene
Benzene is the basic cyclic hydrocarbon: C6H6.
Toluene is also known as Methyl Benzene: a benzene ring with an additional methyl group.
Xylene is ‘di-methyl-benzene’: a benzene ring with 2 methyl groups.
what does ‘aliphatic’ mean?
An aliphatic compound is an open chain compound - one that doesn’t contain any cyclic components. Aliphatic compounds can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear.
What is the trans isomer of maleic acid?
Fumeric Acid. also known butene di-oic acid.
sketch propylene glycol
OH-C-C-OH-CH2:
sketch di-ethylene glycol:
sketch neopentyl glycol
