organic compounds Flashcards
Organic chemistry
the study of how carbon forms molecules ( organic compounds) essential to modern materials and living things
Organic compound
a chemical compound that is composed of carbon (C) hydrogen (H) and possibly other elements such as oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P)
Polymerization
building large compounds out of smaller ones
Monomer
smaller units that are joined together to form polymers
Polymer
Made up of multiple monomers
Macromolecules
VERY LARGE molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules. Macromolecules are made up of single units known as monomers that are joined by covalent bonds to form larger polymers.
Macronutrients
the main nutrients that make up foods we eat, Lipids (fat), proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids are macromolecules but NOT macronutrients
Lipids
fats, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids that are insoluble in water
Monomers of lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of lipids
Functions of lipids
longterm energy storage, insulation, make up with cells membranes used to make hormones.
Saturated fat (BAD)
associated with LDL cholesterol, solid at room temperature, saturated fatty acids are chains that have single bonds between barbons
State of saturated fats at room temperature
Why are saturated fats bad for you?
Eating too much-saturated fats in your diet can raise “bad” LDL cholesterol in your blood, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Unsaturated fat
have at least one common bond between carbon atoms in the chain
State of unsaturated fats at room temperature
Structurally, what do unsaturated fats have that saturated fats don’t?
Saturated fats contain only single bonds in the carbon chain, with all excess carbon electrons bonded to hydrogen.
LDL Very Bad
stick to arteries causing atherosclerosis (BAD)
HDL (GOOD)
removes lipids from your bloodstream (GOOD
Phospholipids
Phospholipids are major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers
waxes
protect your ear