organic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic chemistry

A

the study of how carbon forms molecules ( organic compounds) essential to modern materials and living things

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2
Q

Organic compound

A

a chemical compound that is composed of carbon (C) hydrogen (H) and possibly other elements such as oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P)

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3
Q

Polymerization

A

building large compounds out of smaller ones

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4
Q

Monomer

A

smaller units that are joined together to form polymers

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5
Q

Polymer

A

Made up of multiple monomers

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6
Q

Macromolecules

A

VERY LARGE molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules. Macromolecules are made up of single units known as monomers that are joined by covalent bonds to form larger polymers.

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7
Q

Macronutrients

A

the main nutrients that make up foods we eat, Lipids (fat), proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids are macromolecules but NOT macronutrients

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8
Q

Lipids

A

fats, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids that are insoluble in water

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9
Q

Monomers of lipids

A

Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of lipids

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10
Q

Functions of lipids

A

longterm energy storage, insulation, make up with cells membranes used to make hormones.

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11
Q

Saturated fat (BAD)

A

associated with LDL cholesterol, solid at room temperature, saturated fatty acids are chains that have single bonds between barbons

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12
Q

State of saturated fats at room temperature

A
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13
Q

Why are saturated fats bad for you?

A

Eating too much-saturated fats in your diet can raise “bad” LDL cholesterol in your blood, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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14
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

have at least one common bond between carbon atoms in the chain

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15
Q

State of unsaturated fats at room temperature

A
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16
Q

Structurally, what do unsaturated fats have that saturated fats don’t?

A

Saturated fats contain only single bonds in the carbon chain, with all excess carbon electrons bonded to hydrogen.

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17
Q

LDL Very Bad

A

stick to arteries causing atherosclerosis (BAD)

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18
Q

HDL (GOOD)

A

removes lipids from your bloodstream (GOOD

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19
Q

Phospholipids

A

Phospholipids are major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers

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20
Q

waxes

A

protect your ear

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21
Q

steroids

A

any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms

22
Q

4 types of lipids

A

fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids

23
Q

Hydrophobic

A

tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

24
Q

Carbohydrates

A

organic compounds found in most foods that are a major source of energy for the body

25
Q

Monomer of carbs

A

monosaccharides ( like glucose)

26
Q

2 types of carbs

A

glucose and simple

27
Q

Function of carbs

A

some provide short term (quick) energy and others provide long term can use them later

28
Q

Simple carbs

A

also called simple sugar
give you short-term energy and don’t leave you feeling satisfied
can lead to heart diseases

29
Q

What organ regulates blood sugar?

A

the pancreas !!!!!!!!!

30
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

generic and unusually shows up early in life

31
Q

type 2

A

mainly lifestyle related and develops over time

32
Q

Insulin

A

Insulin injection and or medicines

33
Q

Complex carbs

A

also called staches
give you long term energy and leave you feeling satisfied
rich in fiber

34
Q

Complex carbs

A

Complex carbohydrates are made up of sugar molecules that are strung together in long, complex chains

35
Q

Proteins

A

long chains of amino acids

36
Q

Amino acids

A

organic molecules used by living organisms to make proteins

37
Q

Monomers of proteins

A

C,H, O and Nitrogen

38
Q

4 functions of proteins

A

make hemoglobin, antibodies fight infection and diseases, enzymes carry out chemical reactions, and build and repair muscle.

39
Q

Essential amino acids

A

the amino acids our body cannot manufacture on its own: we rely on food to get these amino acids

40
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

9

41
Q

Hemoglobin

A

part of red blood cells that carries oxygen to every part of the body

42
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins produced by the immune system in response to infection

43
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

44
Q

Role of nucleic acids

A

helps body manufacture proteins

45
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

process in which carbon atoms continual travel from the atmosphere to the earth and then back into the apmosphere

46
Q

4 main parts of the carbon cycle

A

all living things are made of caron. carbon is also apart of ocean, air, and even rocks

47
Q

Decomposition

A

to break up into constituent parts by or as if by a chemical process

48
Q

Combustion

A

the process of burning something.

49
Q

What organisms are extremely important to the nitrogen cycle?

A

N2, NH3, NO3, NO2

50
Q

What makes the phosphorus cycle unique?

A

its the only cycle that does not enter the atmosphere