Organic compounds

Question 1

Lipids

Answer 1

fats and oils. used to store energy in the bodies of livings things. make up structures in cells, like cell membranes. lipid releases a lot of energy, when broken down. contains phospholipids & phosphorus.

Question 2

Structure of lipids

Answer 2

made up of 3 fatty acids joined to a smaller molecule called glycerol.

Question 3

fatty acids & glycerol

Answer 3

made from atoms of C, H & O.

Question 4

Saturated fats

Answer 4

unhealthy solid
``animal
e.g. butter, lard, fatty cuts of meat

Question 5

Unsaturated fats

Answer 5

plant liquid
``healthy
e.g. sunflower & olive oil

Question 6

Proteins

Answer 6

made up of long chains. consists of C, H, O, N

form body tissues very sensitive to extreme temperatures and pH levels
`` there are 20 amino acids that make up proteins, and can combine in different ways to make different proteins.

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

proteins that act as catalysts

a catalyst speeds up the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place. like other proteins, enzymes are sensitive to temperature & pH

Question 8

Role of Enzymes

Answer 8

Enzymes regulate chemical reactions, they bind molecules from large molecules or break them down they can be used over again - small amounts are needed in cells

Question 9

How Enzymes work

Answer 9

work by lock & key model they have a region with a specific shape, called the active site
the substance molecule that the enzyme will work on also has a specific shape that matches the active site when they are joined together the chemical reaction takes place. when the reaction is finished, the result of the reaction/ product is set free

Question 10

Enzymes and temperature

Answer 10

when the temperature increases, the reaction rate increases. but when it continues to increase, the active site changes form & the substrate can no longer fit we say it is DENATURED
`` when the temperature is below, the reaction time decreases but the site is not denatured.

Question 11

Enzymes and pH

Answer 11

`` Enzymes have optimal pH levels

`` when a medium is too acidic or alkaline the enzyme denatures and can no longer work

Question 12

Nucleic acids

Answer 12

• hold amino acids together, RNA *
  Contain elements, P, O, N, C, H Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  `` Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 13

RNA

Answer 13

` found in the nucleolus, cell cytoplasm and on ribosomes

` plays a role in building the required proteins from the amino acids

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

` found in the nucleus

` stores the information from which amino acids must be produced in each type of cell