Organic Compound Nomenclature Part 1 Flashcards
meaning of IUPAC
International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry
a method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in the Organic Chemistry Nomenclature.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
involves a nonsystematic approach to the naming of organic compounds. This nomenclature system is limited to
only a few compounds in each specific group.
trivial nomenclature system
The _____________ indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain.
parent name
The ______ indicates what functional group is present
suffix
The _________ tells us the identity, location, and number of substituents attached to the
carbon chain.
prefix
saturated hydrocarbons in
which the carbon atoms are held
together by single bonds.
named by adding the suffix
-ane to the prefixes.
alkanes
formula of alkanes
CnH2n+2
sequence of prefixes (1-10 carbon atoms)
meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
If there are two chains of equal length, what would you pick as the parent carbon chain
the chain with more substituents
what do you call the branches attached to the parent chain
substituents
formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain. The removal of this hydrogen
results in a stem change from -ane to -yl
alkyl groups
Number the atoms in the carbon chain to give the first substituent the____________
lower number
Number the atoms in the carbon chain to give the first substituent the____________
lower number
Alphabetize the names of the substituents, ignoring all prefixes
except _____
iso
When numbering a carbon chain results in the same numbers from either end of the chain, assign the lower number ___________ to the first substituent
alphabetically
Separate numbers by _________ and separate numbers from
letters by ____________
commas, hyphens
Separate numbers by _________ and separate numbers from
letters by ____________
commas, hyphens
If the number of carbons in the ring is greater than or equal to the number of carbons in the longest
chain, the compound is named as a ___________. if not, it becomes a ______________
cycloalkane, substituent
class of hydrocarbons unsaturated compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon double
bond. They are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the double bond.
are named by adding the suffix -ene after the
number where the double bond is located.
alkenes
another name for alkenes
olefins
formula for alkenes
CnH2n
In alkenes and alkynes, Number the carbon chain to give the double bond/triple bond the ______ number. The _______ of the two numbers designating the carbon atoms of the double/triple bond is used as the double/triple bond locator.
lower, smaller
describes two nonhydrogen substituents that are on the same side of the double bond
cis alkene
describes two nonhydrogen substituents that are on opposite sides of the double bond
trans alkene
Compounds with two double bonds are named as
_______, those with three are named ________, and so forth
also applies to alkynes
dienes, trienes
Compounds that contain both a double bond and a triple bond are named ______ (The ‘e’ in the alkene name is being omitted.)
If the double bond and triple bonds are equidistant, the chain is numbered to give the ______ bond the lower number
enyne, triple bond
Compounds that contain both a double bond and a hydroxyl group are named _______ and the chain
(or ring) is numbered to give the -OH group the lower number. (The ‘e’ in the alkene name is being omitted.)
alkenols
(true/false) In naming anything with the cyclo prefix, the double bond/only substituent/triple bond is located between C1 and C2, and the “1” is omitted in the name.
true
a class of hydrocarbon unsaturated compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
named by adding the suffix -yne after the number where the double bond is located. (Based on
updated IUPAC naming system)
alkynes
formula for alkynes
CnH2n-2
a group of chemical compounds
comprised of an alkane with one or more
hydrogens replaced by a halogen atom
(fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine).
haloalkanes/alkyl halides (for common name)
____________ contain the hydroxyl functional group
(-OH), bonded to a carbon atom of an alkyl or
substituted alkyl group.
alcohols
formula of alcohol
R-OH
classification of alcohols
is one in which the carbon atom with the OH group is attached to one other carbon atom. Its general formula is ______
A primary (1°) alcohol (RCH2OH)
classification of alcohols
is one in which the carbon atom with the OH group is attached to two other carbon atoms. Its general formula is _________
A secondary (2°) alcohol (R2CHOH)
classification of alcohols
is one in which the carbon atom with the OH group is attached to three other carbon atoms. Its general formula is _________
A tertiary (3°) alcohol (R3COH)
classification of alcohols
is one in which the carbon atom with the OH group is attached to two other carbon atoms. Its general formula is _________
A secondary (2°) alcohol (R2CHOH)
Compounds with two hydroxyl groups are called
diols or glycols (for common names) (triols for 3)
common name for 1,2,3-propanetriol
glycerol
When an OH group is bonded to a ring, the ring is numbered beginning with the _____________
-OH group (1 is also emitted)
