Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry - AQA > Organic Chemistry - Topic 7 (paper 2) > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry - Topic 7 (paper 2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What two elements are in a hydrocarbon?

A

hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an alkane?

A

only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms, only has single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the molecular form of methane?

A

CH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the molecular form of ethane?

A

C2H6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the molecular form of propane?

A

C3H8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the molecular form of butane?

A

C4H10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another way to describe hydrocarbons with only single bonds?

A

saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As the chain length of alkanes increases do they become more or less viscous?

A

more viscous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As the chain length of alkanes increases do they become more or less volatile?

A

Less volatile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

As the chain length of alkanes increases do they become more or less flammable?

A

Less flammable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

With an increases chain length, do alkanes have higher or lower boiling points?

A

Higher b.p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With an increases chain length, do alkanes have higher or lower melting hpoints?

A

Higher m.p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the word equation for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is combustion an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During a combustion reaction, are carbon and hydrogen oxidized or reduced?

A

Oxidized

17
Q

What is “crude oil”

A

It is a mixture of many different compounds, most are hydrocarbons

18
Q

Is crude oil finite or renewable?

A

Finite

19
Q

How was crude oil formed?

A

It is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals (like plankton). These organic remains were covered by mud and sand and buried in the earth. Over millions of years, the organic remains were compressed under a lot of heat and pressure/ The heat and pressure chemically changed the organic remains into crude oil.

20
Q

Give three examples of a fossil fuel.

A

Coal, natural gas, crude oil

21
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with different boiling points.
Firstly, heat the crude oil to high temps so that all the compounds are evaporated from liquid to gas.
The hot gaseous hydrocarbons rise up the fractionating column (because hot air rises).
As they rise they cool down, because the top of the column is cooler than their bottom.
The hydrocarbons will condense when they become cooler than their boiling point, and the liquid hydrocarbons then collect in trays and drain out.
The longer chain hydrocarbons condense at the bottom of the fractionating column because they have higher boiling points.
Meanwhile, the shorter chain hydrocarbons condense at the top of the column because they have much lower boiling points.

22
Q

Which hydrocarbons are used as fuel?

A

Diesel, kerosene, petrol

23
Q

Is the top of the fractional column hotter or cooler than the bottom?

A

Cooler

24
Q

What is feedstock?

A

Is it a raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction

25
Q

What is a petrochemical?

A

It is a substance made from crude oil, via chemical reactions

26
Q

Which two functional groups are involved in forming a polyester?

A

carboxyl group (COOH) and alcohol (OH)

27
Q

Why are hydrocarbons used as fuels?

A

They release a large amount of energy when combusted

28
Q

Name the first 4 alcohols

A

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

29
Q

What two conditions are usually necessary for polymerization?

A

High pressure and presence of a catalyst

30
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

saturated

31
Q

What process is used to separate the components of crude oil?

A

Fractional Distillation

32
Q

What are the waste products for complete combustion?

A

water vapour and carbon dioxide

33
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Anaerobic respiration of sugars by yeast cells

Chemistry - AQA (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions